The neurolemma, or Schwann cell membrane, is polarized during unstimulated conditions due to the distribution of ion channels and pumps, which creates a resting membrane potential. This polarization is primarily maintained by the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions in, resulting in a negative internal charge. Additionally, the presence of negatively charged proteins and the selective permeability of the membrane to certain ions contribute to this polarized state. This polarization is crucial for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses when the neuron is stimulated.
The neurolemma is more permeable to potassium than sodium during the resting state of a neuron, known as the resting membrane potential. This is due to the presence of leak potassium channels that allow potassium ions to move more freely across the neurolemma, contributing to the negative charge inside the neuron.
It provides insulation to the axons and dendrites during depolarization or action potential.
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