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The thyroid gland is often larger in females than in males primarily due to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of estrogen. Estrogen can stimulate the growth of thyroid tissue, leading to a larger gland in women. Additionally, women are more prone to autoimmune thyroid conditions, which can also affect gland size. These factors, combined with the physiological demands of pregnancy and lactation, contribute to the observed differences in thyroid size between genders.

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