A number of antibiotics act by binding certain essential enzymes in the target bacteria how might these antibioics influence the chemical recation controlled by the enzyme what might the effect a pers?

Answer 1

If I'm reading your question correctly you want to know how the inhibition of bacterial enzymatic process influence similar process in humans. A good example of this would the use of Amphoceterin-B to eliminate fungal infections. This drug inhibits ergesterol and cholesterol production in fungal cell walls. However, humans also produce cholesterol. The drug stops cholesterol production in humans, which is a necessary component in healthy blood vessels.

A direct example of bacterial processes is the effect of Tetracycline on bacterial ribosomes. Tetracycline inhibits the cells ability to produce the necessary precursors (in this case several enzymes needed for rRNA replication) which prevents the formation of the 70s subunit. Consequently, mitochondria utilize the same pathway as bacteria to form their own ribosomes. Bacteria are unable to produce essential proteins for life processes. In turn human cells are unable to produce the same amount of energy needed for life. Because we are built of more than just one cell (somewhere in the neighborhood of 3.4 trillion cells) we don't feel the effect as quickly, but prolonged exposure to the drug in adults usually results in lethargy and confusion. In young developing children the drug can cause death.

A more classic example is Penicillin which acts as a beta-lactam. (Cleaves bacterial cell walls) This only inhibits bacterial processes and not human ones. The only negative effect is generally mild diarrhea.