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Water-soluble hormones, such as peptides and catecholamines, affect target cells by binding to specific receptors on the cell membrane. This binding activates a series of intracellular signaling pathways, often involving second messengers like cyclic AMP or calcium ions, which ultimately lead to changes in cell function, such as altered enzyme activity, gene expression, or ion transport. Because these hormones cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, their effects are mediated through these signaling cascades rather than direct gene activation.
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Water-soluble hormones bind with their target receptors onin the and Acirc and shy?
Water-soluble hormones bind with their target receptors on the surface of the target cells, specifically on the cell membrane. This binding triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to a physiological response. Unlike lipid-soluble hormones, water-soluble hormones cannot pass through the cell membrane due to their hydrophilic nature. Examples of water-soluble hormones include insulin and epinephrine.
Hormones affect specific tissues called?
Hormones affect specific tissues called target tissues or target cells. These tissues have receptors that bind to hormones, triggering a response or change in cellular activity.
Are water soluble hormones in the blood?
Yes, water-soluble hormones are found in the blood. These hormones, which include peptide and protein hormones like insulin and glucagon, dissolve easily in the bloodstream and can quickly travel to target tissues. They typically bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, initiating a response without entering the cells. Their solubility allows for rapid transport and immediate effects in the body.
The signaling chemicals produced by one group of cells that affect distant target cells are called?
hormones.
What type of hormones are not soluble in blood?
Hormones that are not soluble in blood are typically steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. These hormones are lipophilic, meaning they are fat-soluble and require transport proteins to travel through the bloodstream. Examples include cortisol, estrogen, and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Because they are not water-soluble, they can easily pass through cell membranes to exert their effects on target cells.
explain why hormones in the bloodstream are able only to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs?
Hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs because of selective permeability. This means that hormones are only able to pass through the cell membrane of certain cells and organs, and not through the cell membrane of other cells and organs. The cell membrane of the target cells and organs are specialized to allow the hormones to pass through, while the cell membrane of other cells and organs are not specialized and are therefore impermeable to the hormones. This is due to the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. These receptor proteins can bind to the hormones and facilitate their entry into the cell. Since these receptor proteins are not present on the cell membrane of other cells and organs, the hormones are unable to bind to them and therefore unable to cross the cell membrane. In addition, hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the bloodstream, which means they can’t reach their target cells and organs if they are exposed to the enzymes. This further ensures that hormones only affect the target cells and organs, and not other cells and organs. In summary, hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells and organs and not other cells and organs because of selective permeability and the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. Other cells and organs do not have these specialized receptor proteins and therefore cannot be affected by the hormones.
Are peptide hormones water soluble?
Yes, peptide hormones are generally water soluble. This makes it easier for them to be transported in the bloodstream and to interact with their target cells or receptors which are often located on cell membranes.
Do lipid soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?
Yes, lipid-soluble hormones can travel in the bloodstream, but they generally do so bound to carrier proteins. Because they are hydrophobic, lipid-soluble hormones, like steroid hormones, do not dissolve well in water and therefore rely on these proteins to remain soluble and maintain their activity while circulating. Only a small fraction of these hormones exists in free form, which is the biologically active form that can interact with target cells.
Are hormones target molecules or signal molecules?
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
What Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called?
Target Cells
What is the definition of a target cell and why are all cells not considered target cells for all hormones?
A target cell is a specific cell that has receptors for a particular hormone, allowing it to respond to that hormone's signals. Not all cells are considered target cells for all hormones because each hormone is designed to interact with specific receptors on specific cells, leading to specific responses in the body. This specificity ensures that hormones only affect the cells that are meant to respond to them, maintaining the body's balance and regulation.
What is the difference between plant hormones and animal hormones?
The plant hormones different parts of the plants in a different way while the animal hormones affect the target cells in more than one organ.
