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How is antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory?
A random mutation causes one bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic. Then all the others are killed when the antibiotic is introduced to the environment. The mutated bacterium is free to reproduce and soon many members of that species are resistant to that antibiotic.
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What contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria?
Directional Selection
What is the example of a microevolution?
An example of microevolution is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria due to natural selection. Over time, bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to a population of bacteria that is predominantly resistant to that antibiotic.
Are Antibiotic resistance evolved through the process of natural selection acting upon random mutation?
Yes, antibiotic resistance typically arises through a combination of random mutations in bacteria's genetic material and natural selection favoring those bacteria that have mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics. Over time, these resistant bacteria survive and multiply, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
How do antibiotic resistant bacteria come about?
This term is misleading. The antibiotic "selects" bacteria that are not affected by it. If a person will grow bacteria on a petri dish and add an antibiotic to it, some bacteria may live and grow. This is actually a form of natural selection. The ones that will grow are resistance to the antibiotic. They have some way of not being affected. If a person takes a colony from the plate that has this resistance and grows it on another plate and add the antibiotic, all on the plate will be resistant.
How is antibiotic resistance an adaptation?
The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage.
What is an example of direct evidence for evolution is... genetic changes in plants antibiotic resistance in bacteria pesticide resistance in insects or all of the above?
All of the above examples are direct evidence for evolution. Genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects all demonstrate how species can adapt and evolve to survive in changing environments. This supports the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Increased resistance in bacteria after repeated exposure to antibiotics is due to?
mutations that allow the bacteria to survive the antibiotic's effects, leading to the selection of resistant bacterial strains. These resistant strains can then replicate and spread, making subsequent infections harder to treat. Additionally, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.
When bacteria are not affected by antibiotics they have?
They have resistance to the antibiotic.
Difference between direct and indirect selection of mutant bacteria?
Direct selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where only the mutant will grow. For example, if a mutant bacterium has gained resistance to a specific antibiotic, only the mutant will be able to grow on media containing that specific antibiotic. Indirect selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where the growth of the mutant is different from the growth of the wild type.
Who benefits from a mutation that causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
The bacteria benefits.
Antibiotic in gene cloning?
If antibiotic resistance is added to the gene being cloned, antibiotics can be used to isolate the transformed bacteria (ones with the gene being cloned) by killing off all non-transformed bacteria, that don't have the antibiotic resistance. There is a chance that the non-transformed bacteria can mutate to develop antibiotic resistance.
Why do plasmids contain a gene for antibiotic resistance?
Plasmids contain antibiotic resistance genes because these genes provide a survival advantage to the bacteria in the presence of antibiotics. Bacteria can pick up plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, allowing them to survive in environments with antibiotic exposure. This is a common mechanism for bacteria to acquire resistance traits and poses a challenge for antibiotic treatment.
