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Approximately 75% of the offspring are likely to display the dominant trait if one parent carries the dominant gene and the other parent carries a recessive gene. This is due to the fact that the dominant gene typically overrides the recessive gene in determining the phenotype.
A recessive gene will not display its trait in the presence of a dominant trait. A recessive gene only expresses its trait when paired with another copy of the same recessive gene.
A recessive trait can be masked by a dominant trait in individuals who are heterozygous. Thus, a majority of people may appear to display the dominant trait even if they are carriers of the recessive trait. Only when two carriers of the recessive trait have children together is there a chance for the recessive trait to become visible in the offspring.
100% of the offspring will display the dominant trait because the homozygous dominant parent can only pass on the dominant allele. The offspring will inherit one dominant allele from the dominant parent and one recessive allele from the recessive parent, resulting in a heterozygous genotype expressing the dominant trait.
The parent plants must both be homozygous for the recessive allele of the trait (aa). This ensures that all offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive allele and display the recessive phenotype.
Gene dominance is usually determined through breeding experiments. If one allele masks the expression of another allele in the heterozygous state, the masked allele is considered recessive while the masking allele is dominant. By observing the phenotypic ratios of offspring in controlled crosses, dominance relationships can be inferred.
When two recessive alleles are joined together in an individual, the individual will display the recessive trait associated with those alleles. This is because recessive alleles only express themselves when a dominant allele is not present.
Do a testcross with a homozygous recessive plant.
An example of this would be a plant with a dominant gene for flower color (e.g., purple) and a recessive gene for a different color (e.g., white). Depending on the combination of these genes, the plant will exhibit either the dominant trait (purple flowers) or the recessive trait (white flowers).
To produce offspring that only display the recessive phenotype of a trait, both parent plants must be homozygous recessive for that trait. This means both parents would have the genotype of aa for that specific trait.