Synthesis of phenobarbitoneandsynthesis of meperidine

Answer 1

Phenobarbitone, a barbiturate, is synthesized through the condensation of malonic acid and urea, followed by cyclization and alkylation with ethyl bromide to form the final product. Meperidine, an opioid analgesic, is synthesized starting from 4-phenylpiperidine, which undergoes N-methylation and then acylation with ethyl chloroformate to yield the final compound. Both syntheses involve key steps of functional group transformations and structural modifications to achieve the desired pharmacological properties.