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Haemagglutination inhibition test

Influenza virus has two important surface glycoproteins-the

haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA).

Antigenic classification and subtyping of influenza viruses

is based on these two glycoproteins. HA plays a key role in

virus cell entry by binding to cell surface receptors, which are

found also on red blood cells of certain species. Binding to red

cells results in haemagglutination, which can be observed as

a carpet of agglutinated red cells at the bottom of a tube or

microtitre well. In the haemagglutination inhibition test

(HIT), antibody directed against the viral haemagglutinins

block the virus from binding to the blood cells and thus

inhibits the haemagglutination reaction

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