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Lockjaw is a common term for tetanus intoxication, which is caused by the bacteria Botulinum tetani. The most common antibiotic used is penicillin, but the animal must also be given antitoxin, muscle relaxants, sedatives, IV fluids, potentially total nutrition through either a stomach tube or an intestinal tube, be kept in a quiet dark place and disturbed as little as possible. Tetanus interferes with the relaxing of muscles, so when an animal tenses a muscle he is unable to relax it again and it will stay rigid and locked in place (hence the name lockjaw, since it routinely affects the jaw muscles). This is a very difficult disease to treat but is rare to see in dogs; cows and horses (and people) get tetaus more commonly and are all routinely vaccinated against tetanus.

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