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Thrombolytic is the general term for the class of drugs used to dissolve blood clots. Clots (thrombi) can reduce or interrupt blood flow by blocking the vessel which can result in injury to the tissues that are deprived of the blood flow and oxygenation. This occurs sometimes in a "heart attack" when blood flow is restricted by a clot, and damage or death (infarction), of the tissue of the myocardium (heart muscle) results.

A common thrombolytic agent which is used for this purpose in emergency medicine measures for conditions like blood clots in the brain (cerebral thrombosis/embolus) or a coronary artery thrombosis/embolus that is causing or threatening a myocardial infarction is called TPA. TPA stands for Tissue Plasminogen Activator (also abbreviated PLAT). It acts as an enzyme to break down blood clots. Sometimes thrombolytic agents ("clot busters"/"clot busting medicines") such as Streptokinase or Urokinase are necessary to dissolve blood clots.

A related class of drugs is called anticoagulants, but rather than quickly dissolving clots like thrombolytics do, these "blood thinners," as they are sometimes called, act to prevent clot formation instead. They are used either as short term or long term medications. Examples of some of the more common anticoagulants are heparin, Coumadin, and Lovenox.

Thrombolytic drugs include:

  • tissue plasminogen activator t-PA:
  • alteplase (Activase)
  • reteplase (Retavase)
  • tenecteplase (TNKase)
  • anistreplase (Eminase)
  • streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)
  • urokinase (Abbokinase)

Among those, commonly used drugs are alteplase, reteplase and streptokinase.

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13y ago

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