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Antimicrobial resistance. This leads to an increase in multi-drug resistant pathogens that become extremely difficult to treat. Bacteria usually develop resistance via four ways:

1.Production of enzymes that destroy the integrity of the antibiotic

2.Mutations at the binding site, preventing antibiotic from binding tightly

3.Downregulationof outer membrane proteins, preventing the antibiotic from getting into periplasmicspace

4.Efflux pump that efficiently remove an antibiotic from the cell

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