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Harappa society, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, exhibited a centralized urban planning system, but its political structure remains less understood compared to the more documented monarchies of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Religiously, while Harappans likely practiced a form of animism and fertility worship, Mesopotamia and Egypt had structured polytheistic religions with elaborate rituals and deities governing natural and societal elements. Socially, Harappa showed signs of relatively egalitarian communities, while Mesopotamia and Egypt had more pronounced social hierarchies with distinct classes, including priests and rulers. Despite these differences, all three civilizations shared agricultural foundations, urban centers, and trade networks that facilitated cultural exchange.

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In contrast to America which the following were characteristics of the soviet union?

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Thomas Jefferson's political views on government and the common man were in direct contrast to that of which of his political opponents?

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The Mesopotamians are often described as being pessimistic while the Egyptians were considered optimistic Is there any truth to this generalization If its true why might these societies have developed?

These differing attitudes are typically attributed to the type of lifestyle humanity adopted to survive in these regions. Mesopotamia had a more hostile environment in the ancient world in terms of climate and agriculture. The fickle nature of the environment is echoed in their religious and political concepts. By contrast, the Egyptians were more optimistic due to their heavy reliance on the abundance of the Nile River, which sustained their societies with few periods of pestilence or drought.


Why did city states form in Mesopotamia and Greece but not India and china?

City-states formed in Mesopotamia and Greece due to factors such as geography, fertile land, and trade opportunities. The presence of rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia and the rugged terrain of Greece made it easier for communities to settle in distinct areas and develop independently. In contrast, India and China had vast landmasses and geographical features that promoted the development of larger, centralized states rather than city-states. Additionally, cultural and political factors unique to India and China also influenced their historical trajectories.


What is a great differences between the city state in the ones connected to Greeks?

A significant difference between Greek city-states and others, such as those in Mesopotamia or Egypt, lies in their political structure and autonomy. Greek city-states, or poleis, were characterized by a high degree of independence, with each city governing itself and often developing its own laws, customs, and political systems. In contrast, city-states in regions like Mesopotamia typically operated within larger empires and were more integrated into centralized political structures. Additionally, Greek city-states emphasized civic participation and citizenship, fostering a sense of community and individual identity that was less prevalent in other ancient urban centers.

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