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The Feudal system of the Middle Ages was based on a worldview in which the Earth belonged to God, and each person was born to the place where God wanted him/her. The Catholic Church, in the person of the Pope, was God's representative on Earth, and kings were the ultimate secular authority. All the land in the Kingdom belonged to the king. He portioned land to his vassals, the Dukes, who in turn gave land to Their vassals, the Earls, who, in turn, had vassals, and so on, down to the Serfs, who were bound to the land, and to their Lord. Each vassal was sworn to the service of "his" Lord, and was bound to support him with arms if he was attacked, and with crops. In return, each Lord was responsible for the well-being of his vassal. Each level was the arbitor for the level beneath him. If two Earls had a disagreement, the Duke solved the problem. If two Dukes were fighting, the King decided the case, and when two Kings had a disagreement, they went to the Pope, as God's representative. Each person had a place and a function which were determined by God.

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What was one of the outgrowths of the feudal system?

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