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In short ... no. The Group Areas Act was loosely modeled after United States legislation and the idea was to create a similar setup to the 'Indian Reservation' system in the US. For this reason, the traditional centres of settlement of indigenous tribes were declared 'independent homelands'. All blacks in the country became citizens of one of these states, depending on their tribal heritage. In this way, blacks were not regarded as South African citizens and needed the equivalent of a work visa to stay in the country (known as a 'pass book' or passport). While these 'homelands' had been tribal settlement areas in the previous century, they were hopelessly too small and unsustainable for the rapidly growing black population in the country. It is not exactly true that this land was inhospitable or unfertile (the homelands were actually very fertile areas, hence the reason they had been tribal centres of settlement for centuries), however, they were undeveloped and isolated, wholly reliant on financial support from the South African government and incapable of sustaining large populations. A huge proportion of black people therefore ended up living outside the homelands, where they were regarded as immigrants and lacked citizenship rights.

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