all of the answers
commissars
In the period from about 1520 Luther and some other reformers had the backing of some powerful secular leaders - unlike in the Middle Ages, when reformers were all seen as subversives.
One prominent figure who was not a Bolshevik leader during the Russian Revolution is Leon Trotsky. While he was a key leader within the Bolshevik party, his role primarily emerged during and after the revolution, rather than being one of the original leaders like Vladimir Lenin or Joseph Stalin. Other notable figures outside of the Bolshevik leadership included the Mensheviks and various other political factions that opposed or competed with the Bolsheviks during this tumultuous period.
Kerry McGlinn
the Russian empire
all of the answers
commissars
During the mid 1800s, Russian leaders suppressed the Circassians. Through a series of raids they uprooted these people due to ethnic hatred and forced them out of the area into the Ottoman empire. An estimated 600,000 Circassians lost their lives.
Russification was most intense in regions such as Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These areas were targeted by the Russian Empire to suppress local cultures and promote Russian language and customs.
In the period from about 1520 Luther and some other reformers had the backing of some powerful secular leaders - unlike in the Middle Ages, when reformers were all seen as subversives.
The creeping barrage tactic was developed by British military leaders during World War I. It involved a synchronized artillery bombardment ahead of advancing infantry to provide cover and suppress enemy defenses.
Spring raising phenemenon
There have been numerous Soviet leaders; a time frame is necessary to give an appropriate answer. Lenin was the first after the ouster of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.
The leaders of the Roman empire during its decline were the emperors.
Russian Orthodoxy
Kerry McGlinn
the Russian empire