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Your question supposes that the so-called sun dance was exactly the same among all Plains tribes, which is a falseassumption.

The Crows performed their version of the Sun Dance ritual for one reason only - to obtain spiritual power to gain revenge on their enemies. The dancer gazed intently at a sun dance doll place high on a central pole and it was this doll that was supposed to speak to the warrior during the painful and delirious process and show him a certain way of killing an enemy (including the direction to travel and sometimes even the exact spot the killing would take place).

The correct name of the ritual among the many Sioux tribes was the "Gazing-at-the Sun-Dance", designed specifically for each warrior to demonstrate his stamina, his resistance to pain and his bravery. It was white observers who shortened the name to "sun dance", giving the false impression that it was somehow connected with the weather (in the same way that some tribes performed a rain dance). Buffalo spirit powers were always an element of the Sioux ritual, but they certainly did not perform it for the buffalo.

Among the Mandan tribe the self-torture ritual was called pohk-hong and formed part of the Okeepah ceremony. This included elements of buffalo, turtle and antelope spirit powers.

Other Plains tribes each had their own specific versions of the ceremony.

You may be confusing the Gazing-at-the-Sun-Dance with the Buffalo Dance, which was an entirely different religious ceremony.

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