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# Dachau was the first Nazi concentration camp to open (22 March 1933) # It was used mainly as a punishment and forced labour camp for various 'dissidents', in particular, Communists, Social Democrats, liberals and later clergymen. # Dachau was used as the main centre for training concentration camp personnel and became the 'model' for most later camps. # It was a Grade I camp. In very general terms this meant that prisoners were somewhat better fed there than at many other camps. # When the Americans were close to the camp, the SS tried to evacuate many of the prisoners on a forced march.

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