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France controlled Haiti until Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to reassert French authority in 1802. However, after a fierce resistance led by figures like Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Haiti successfully declared its independence on January 1, 1804, becoming the first independent black republic and the first nation to abolish slavery. This marked a significant moment in history, as it challenged colonial powers and inspired other independence movements across the Americas.

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