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From the late monarchy the levy covered peasant-proprietors only for the annual military campaigning season. The army was a citizen militia. People below a property threshold (with minimal or no property) were not included. This was because you had to buy your arms and equipment.

The Marian reforms opened the army to the propertyless and the state provided the arms and equipment. The army became professional and a career path for the unemployed and underemployed. Service was voluntary. You would get paid, and at the end of the career you would get either a lump sum or a plot of land in a Roman colony in the provinces.

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