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The principle small arm weapon of the British side was the Land Pattern Musket, better known by the nickname "Brown Bess". It was a muzzle loading smoothbore musket of .75 caliber. It had a quoted maximum effective range of about 175 yards although it was only truly effective out to about 75 to 100 yards. In well trained hands it could fire about 3-4 rounds per minute.

The Patriots used a variety of weapons including the Brown Bess, the French Charleville musket, and various hunting rifles. The Charleville musket had similar performance to the Brown Bess but fired a slightly smaller .69 caliber bullet. Many militia and irregular Patriot units were outfitted with civilian hunting rifles. Rifles had a longer range than the muskets, out to about 300 + yards, but took about two to three times longer to reload.

The main drawback to the rifle however is that a bayonet could not be attached to it. In a day when even the best firearm could only get off about 4 shots in a minute, a bayonet was a primary weapon.

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