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Oil was a crucial driver of the Second Industrial Revolution, which took place from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. It provided a more efficient and powerful energy source compared to coal, leading to innovations in transportation, such as the internal combustion engine and the automobile. The widespread use of oil also spurred the development of new industries, including petrochemicals and aviation, transforming economies and enabling mass production. Overall, oil fueled advancements in technology and infrastructure that characterized this transformative period.

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