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Paint has been used by humans for tens of thousands of years. Evidence can be seen in cave paintings dating back over 30 thousand years, yet, the making of paint is still essentially the same. There are two main ingredients: pigment (color) and binder (a medium to carry and hold the pigment intact).

Earth colors like ochre, charcoal, plant material, insects, common and precious minerals and metals, even blood, offer coloring options that span all the colors of the rainbow. For example, the metals titanium, zinc and lead all provide a white color. Lapis Lazuli, a semi-precious stone, yields a deep blue, the cochineal beetle, a bright red.

Minerals, earth colors, roots, leaves, insects, charcoal, gemstones are crushed or ground to a fine powder. This colored powder may bound with liquid, such as egg white, oil, water, resin, or saliva.

Sometimes the powdered pigment is used without a binder. In this case it is generally applied to a wet or sticky surface, which then holds the color. In the case of cave paintings, the pigment was often "blown" onto the cave walls, through a reed, or spit out of the mouth.

Humans are very resourceful.

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13y ago

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