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The Roman withdrawal from Britain began around AD 410 when Emperor Honorius reportedly advised the British cities to look to their own defense due to the empire's weakening grip. Internal strife, military overstretch, and increasing pressures from invading tribes such as the Saxons and Picts made it untenable for Rome to maintain control. This withdrawal led to a power vacuum, resulting in local leaders rising to prominence and marking the beginning of the post-Roman period in Britain. The absence of Roman governance significantly altered the social and political landscape, paving the way for the eventual rise of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

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