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Many former Persian and Byzantine financiers and economic advisers joined with the Caliphs in forming the Islamic Empire. The early Umayyads especially took it upon themselves to develop a complex bureaucracy. There were taxes on goods, tariffs for foreign items, and the Dhimmi (non-Muslims) had a very high land tax (kharaj) that helped pay for government. Additionally, the Umayyads also taxed the Mawali (non-Arab Muslims), which drove them to support the Abbassids and revolt.

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12y ago

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