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Nothing required more urgent attention than the masses of unemployed workers who, with their families, had soon overwhelmed the miserably under-financed bodies that provided direct relief. On May 12, 1933, Congress established a Federal Emergency Relief Administration to distribute half a billion dollars to state and local agencies. Roosevelt also created the Civil Works Administration, which by January 1934 was employing more than 4,000,000 men and women. Alarmed by rising costs, Roosevelt dismantled the CWA in 1934, but the persistence of high unemployment led him to make another about-face. In 1935 the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act provided almost $5,000,000,000 to create work for some 3,500,000 persons. The Public Works Administration (PWA), established in 1933, provided jobs on long-term construction projects, and the Civilian Conservation Corps put 2,500,000 young men to work planting or otherwise improving huge tracts of forestland. For homeowners, the Federal Housing Administration began insuring private home-improvement loans to middle-income families in 1934; in 1938 it became a home-building agency as well.

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Cohen thinks it should continue because the (WPA) will reduce the hardships of the unemployed workers.


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The two groups that received the most help from the Second New Deal were the unemployed and farmers. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided jobs and support for millions of unemployed workers, while the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) aimed to boost agricultural prices and aid struggling farmers. These initiatives were part of a broader effort to alleviate the economic hardships of the Great Depression and promote recovery.


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That figure is hard to measure as record keeping was not as effective and detailed as it is today. Four million workers lost their jobs during the first year of the Great Depression. By 1931, 100,000 workers a week lost their job. In 1932, about 25 percent of the workforce was unemployed. At the peak of the Depression, it is estimated that 35-40 percent of the workforce was unemployed. Many workers didn't even bother to try and look for jobs so there is no way to accurately gauge the correct percent of unemployed.

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