The kings and councils of each of the independent cities.
Kings got their power from their fathers or uncles, etc., by inheritance, or they used military power to conquer and rule.
Mycenaean kings could not effectively rule vast territories
Not much is known about Etruscan kings. The Etruscan language became extinct by the 1st century BC and hardly any wiring in the Etruscan has survived.. Moreover, the Etruscans had many independent city-states which had their own kings. Therefore, we do not know who the last Etruscan king was.
In the early days of the city they had kings as they were ruled by them. There is no mention of any queens. After the Romans overthrew the monarchy, they had a republican form of government and then the principate. There were no women designated as "queen" in any of these governments.
because they had no life!!
because they had no life!!
The kings and councils of each of the independent cities.
The kings of each of the independent city-states.
The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah contains historical records of the reigns of the kings of Judah, including genealogies, military campaigns, religious reforms, and other significant events during their rule.
The kings of each of the independent city-states.
Petty kings for each of the independent city-states.
The independent city-states of Phoenicia had their own kings.
The reforms of the Siamese kings, particularly during the reigns of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and King Rama V (Chulalongkorn), helped Siam remain independent by modernizing the country and strengthening its administrative and military structures. They adopted Western technologies and ideas, reformed the legal system, and improved education, which bolstered national unity and governance. By engaging in diplomatic relations and negotiating treaties with Western powers, Siam skillfully maintained its sovereignty while avoiding colonization, differentiating itself from neighboring countries. These proactive measures positioned Siam as a modern state capable of resisting external pressures.
Biblical scholars have established that the books of Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings and 2 Kings were all written largely by the same author. The author has not been identified and, being anonymous is now known simply as the 'Deuteronomist' after the Book of Deuteronomy. The religious reforms that took place under King Josiah, who is believed to have employed the Deuteronomist, are consequently known as the 'Deuteronomic reforms or, more usually, the 'Deuteronomistic reforms'.
The reason the city-states stayed independent because they became wealthy. The city-states also loaned money to the kings of Europe. The Kings left the city-states alone so they could borrow money from them in the future.
The petty kings of the independent city-states which comprised the Phoenician people.