How did these civilization compare with the civilization of the west?

Answer 1

Civilizations in different regions, such as those in the East (e.g., the Chinese, Indian, and Islamic empires), often displayed advanced developments in philosophy, science, and trade, sometimes surpassing Western civilizations in these areas during certain historical periods. While Western civilization focused on individualism and democratic governance, Eastern societies often emphasized collectivism and hierarchical structures. Additionally, cultural and technological exchanges through trade routes like the Silk Road facilitated mutual influences, yet differing values and practices shaped each civilization's unique identity. Overall, while there were significant contrasts, there were also points of convergence and exchange that enriched both Eastern and Western civilizations.