How do historians believe that the Egyptians built the pyramids?

Answer 1

There are some historians who believe in the account given in Exodus to certain degree and claim that it was done using slave labor. The majority opinion though was that the pyramid was constructed based on a primitive corvée labor system. Poor peasant farmers would be forced to do public labor for three months of the year during the inundation of the Nile when no work was possible in the fields. They were fed and housed but could expect little else. It was basically slavery.

The actual method of construction is hotly debated, but it is clear that Egyptians did not have the wheel during the construction of the Great Pyramids which would make transportation difficult. Stone was quarried and brought to the Nile for transport to the construction site where it was hauled into place. The stones were then sealed with mortar before the next stones were placed on top of them and so forth. Such an effort usually took decades.