muslims
Asia Minor.
Muslims conquered all areas of the Byzantine Empire. Under the Rashidun Caliphate, the Byzantine Empire lost the Levant, Egypt, North Africa, and eastern Anatolia. Under the Ottoman Sultanate, the Byzantine Empire lost western Anatolia, the Balkans, and Constantinople.
Since the Byzantines and Sassanian Persians considered each other the only real civilizations in the region, they fought each other numerous times in the early 600s C.E. over control of what is today East Turkey and Iraq. These were intense religious wars (Christian vs. Zoroastrian) and greatly weakened both empires at just the wrong time, leading to a very porous southern defense and miscalculation of the Islamic Armies. Because of this, the Muslims were able to completely destroy Sassanid Persia and conquer over two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire.
The question as phrased is nonsensical. The Byzantines were Orthodox Christians, not Muslims. In fact the Muslims (under various empires) were almost consistently the enemy of the Byzantine Empire for nearly 700 years.
1453
1453
The Seljuk Turks notably defeated the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanian Empire. Their victory over the Byzantines culminated in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which significantly weakened Byzantine control in Anatolia. Additionally, they conquered the Sassanian Empire during their expansion into Persia in the 11th century, effectively ending Sassanian rule and establishing Seljuk dominance in the region.
The two empires shown on the map are the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanian Empire. The Byzantine Empire is located to the northwest of Arabia, encompassing parts of the eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans, while the Sassanian Empire is situated to the northeast, covering modern-day Iran and parts of Iraq. Both empires bordered Arabia, influencing trade and cultural exchange in the region.
they covered the prehistoric part
muslims
Soon after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, Muslims defeated the Sassanian Empire in Persia and the Byzantine Empire in the Levant. These victories were significant in establishing Islamic rule and influence across large territories, allowing for the rapid expansion of the Muslim community and the spread of Islam. The conquests laid the foundation for a vast Islamic empire that would flourish in the following centuries.
Palestine was conquered three times in the Seventh Century. At the beginning of the century, it was controlled by the Byzantine Empre. It was then conquered by the Sassanian Empire. The Sassanian Empire lost Palestine to the Byzantines around a decade later. The Muslim Arabs conquered Palestine from the Byzantines around a decade after that.
The Muslims did not successfully conquer a wide variety of regions. They never conquered (or attempted to conquer) any place in the New World or Australia. They did not penetrate Central or Southern Africa, save perhaps for the coasts. They were prevented from gaining France (Gaul), England (Britannia), or Germany (Germania) along with much of Northern Europe because of the Battle of Tours and the Byzantine Empire.
Asia Minor.
No.Jews: Jews did not have any nation or state since the destruction of the Hasmonean Empire in 37 BCE and were a persecuted minority in the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanian Empire.Christians: As for Christians, although the Byzantine Empire was a nominally Christian State, it was really dominated by pagans. Christians formed roughly 10% of the population of the Byzantine Empire even as late as the 600s CE. Christianity would not become the dominant religion in Europe until the mid-900s.The Chinese Sui and Tang Dynasties had around 45-50 million people compared to the Byzantine Empire with roughly 17 million people. Even the Sassanian Persian Empire with 22 million people was larger than the Byzantine Empire. Neither of these states (China or Persia) had any significant minority (greater than 3%) of Christians. In fact, China would not receive Christian emissaries in any significant number until the mid-1200s with the Pax Mongolica and the Silk Road. Additionally, the Byzantine Empire was equally matched in strength and ferocity by the Sassanian Empire. It is actually because these two countries had been going to war for centuries and whittling away their armies that the Muslim conquerors (led by Khaled ibn-Walid) were able to destroy Sassanian Persia and conquer over two-thirds of the Byzantine Emprire. Reza Aslan, a noted Persian-Amerian academic has noted as much. The Sui Dynasty was probably the most powerful nation on earth, fighting a strong war of conquest against the Korean Empire of Goguryeo - which eventually failed through attrition on the Korean side.
The Byzantine Empire was Ruled by the Greek Orthodox Church, centered in the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, under Occupation by Turkish Muslims since 1452.