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Tradition (Exodus 38:26, Numbers ch.2 and ch.26) states that the Israelites had over 600,000 mature males. To this number must be added their families. Based on the ratio of firstborn to younger siblings (Numbers ch.2 and 3), we must conclude that the children were numerous. In any case, an estimate of (at least) two million for the total number of the Israelites is often given. To this must be added the converts (Exodus 12:38). To address a related question: how many of the Israelites who left Egypt reached Canaan? Plenty. Only the "fighting men" were decreed to die in the wilderness (Numbers ch.14). The women all survived (Rashi commentary, Numbers ch.26), as did all the people under 20; plus the entire Tribe of Levi.



To treat your question very technically ... more technically than you most likely intended it ... the answer is: Very few. The whole idea of the 40-years' sojourn in the wilderness was the transition from the generation of the Exodus to the generation that inherited the Promised Land. With the exception of a few individuals, NONE of the Israelites who were redeemed from Egypt lived to reach Canaan. Probably the most surprising example was Moses himself ... the most humble and faithful servant of God who acted as the representative of God, before Pharaoh to bring about the Exodus, and before the Israelites to guide them in their 40-years' evolution toward nationhood and travel toward the Promised Land ... who never at any moment of his life ever set foot in the Promised Land or on any part of it.

But you're probably asking simply about the numbers involved in the migration, without regard for the details of individual continuity or lack of it. For the best discussion on that topic, please see the other answer on this page, written by Dan Galilee, an unrivaled expert on such matters.

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