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first answer: Japan lost 29 aircraft, and 55 airmen.

second expanded answer:

During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 the Japanese lost over 30 aircraft & five midget-submarines along with their crews.

The Japanese used five midget-submarines in an attempt to sneak past the US anti-submarine nets at the harbor's entrance, and to torpedo ships inside the harbor. All five were lost without inflicting damage on US ships. Four were sunk with their crews, and one was captured with its crew after it ran aground outside the harbor.

The Japanese lost one Zero fighter at take-off of the 1st wave. The pilot was rescued. Then during the attack they lost nine aircraft & crews in the first wave, and twenty aircraft & crews in the second wave. Details of losses of First Wave: 3 Zero fighters, 6 Kate torpedo-bombers & 1 Val dive-bomber; Details of losses of Second Wave: 6 Zero fighters & 14 Val dive-bombers.

First wave lost 9 of 183 attacking, which is 4.92% of force.

Second wave lost 20 of 169 attacking, which is 11.83% of force.

Overall they lost 29 of 352 attacking, which is 8.24% losses.

Additionally, of the Japanese aircraft that landed back on their carriers, 74 were damaged as follows: 23 Zero fighters, 10 Kate torpedo-bombers & 41 Val dive-bombers. Several of these severely damaged aircraft were pushed over-board, after the crews got out, during landings to make room for more aircraft landing behind them. Of the 396 aircraft on-hand at the start of the attack, only 292 were available for combat operations immediately after the attack.

The Japanese lost 54 aircrew including 29 very experienced pilots in this surprise attack, and unfortunately for them, they only trained 100 naval pilots per year. Thus it would take about four months to replace these pilots (with less experienced ones) lost in the first two hours of the war. Although most historians have repeated the often stated phrase that the Japanese suffered "light" losses in the attack, I think that losses were more serious, given that it was a surprise attack and in comparison to the numbers of attacking aircraft used.

The Japanese also lost the submarine I-70 when it was sunk three days later by aircraft from the USS Enterprise (CV-6) in Hawaiian waters.
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