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In the earlier days of the 5th-3rd Century BCE, two legions = about 10,000 men, one legion raised by each of the two consuls.

After the Civil Wars in 30 BCE, Augustus had to demobilise and resettle about half a million men from both sides, leaving about another 250,000 under arms to police and defend the empire.

By the 3rd Century CE, this grew to over 400,000 as the movement of peoples from the east brought heavier border protection commitments.

As you see, the numbers fluctuated as the size of Rome, and then its empire and its situation demanded.

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