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When the levy of peasant farmers for the campaigning season of the year ended and was replaced by voluntary service (with the Marian reforms of the army of 107 BC), the length of service was 16 years. Under Augustus in became twenty years. About 10% of the soldiers in a legion also served for five years as reservists after they completed their regular service. They remained with the legion, but they were exempt from regular camp duties. They were meant to be called on only in emergencies, but this was soon eroded.

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