How might Egyptian civilization have developed differently if Egypt had not been surrounded by deserts or had a marshy delta?

Answer 1

If Egyptian civilization had not been surrounded by deserts or had a marshy delta, it might have experienced more frequent invasions and interactions with neighboring cultures, leading to a more diverse and possibly fragmented society. The lack of deserts would have made agriculture more challenging, potentially hindering the development of a centralized state and complex social structures. Additionally, the Nile's predictable flooding, which facilitated agriculture and trade, would have been disrupted, possibly resulting in less agricultural surplus and a slower pace of urbanization and technological advancement. Overall, these changes could have led to a less cohesive and less powerful civilization.