How was technology use to make the computer?

Answer 1

Different computers at different times used whatever technologies were available at that time.

1. The Charles Babbage analytical engine (digital, mechanical) was based on gears and cams.
2. The MIT differential analyzer (analog, mechanical) was based on glass disk and ball integrator technology.
3. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (digital, mostly electronic) was based on vacuum tubes, capacitors, and a drive motor for timing.
4. The Harvard Mark 1 (digital, electromechanical) used mechanical counters, clutches, relays, etc.
5. The Colossus (digital, electronic, code breaking) was based on vacuum tubes, and very high speed paper tape.
6. The ENIAC (digital, electronic) was based on vacuum tubes.
7. First generation digital computers were based on vacuum tubes and sometimes germanium point contact diodes.
8. Second generation digital computers were based on bipolar junction transistors (initially germanium then silicon).
9. Third generation digital computers were based on silicon integrated circuits (some high speed computers of this generation used gallium arsenide integrated circuits).
10. Fourth generation digital computers were based on silicon microprocessor integrated circuits.
11. Some experimental computers have been built using optical technology.
12. etc.