0
The Ottoman Empire gained control of large territories through a combination of military conquest, strategic alliances, and effective administration. Their formidable military, particularly the use of gunpowder technology and elite troops like the Janissaries, enabled them to defeat rival states. Additionally, the Ottomans employed a system of governance that integrated diverse cultures and religions, allowing for relative autonomy in exchange for loyalty and taxes. This administrative efficiency, along with their ability to adapt to local customs, facilitated the expansion and maintenance of their vast empire.
What else can I help you with?
The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element is 5 what is its valency and why?
Its valency is 3 i.e. 8-5.The element is a non metal since it has 5 electrons in the outermost shell.Hence, it is very difficult for the element to loose 5 electrons and would be easier togain 3 electrons .Hence, the element gains 3 electrons and thus we consider its valencyto be 8- no. of valence electrons.
How many calories should a kid eat daily?
The number of calories per day for a child depends on their age, their level of activity, their body weight, and whether they want togain weightmaintain weightlose weightTo view specific examples for children at different ages and levels of activity, see the page link, further down this page, listed under Related Questions..
Who is the author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard?
This poem contains a few themes. The first is fairly obvious, and can be found in line 36: "The paths of glory lead but to the grave." This basically means that no matter what someone did while alive, or what their status happened to be, everyone will eventually end up in the same place--the grave. Another theme found throughout the poem is: although some of the people found in the country may have become someone brilliant like Hampden, Milton, or Cromwell (stanza 15), they were never given the opportunity or knowledge to let their talents arise. This theme is made more clear in the metaphor Gray uses: "Full many a gem of purest ray serene, / The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear: / Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, / And waste its sweetness on the desert air" (53-56). Like the gem and flower described, some of the impoverished people buried in these graves may have just been born in the wrong place. If they had been given an equal opportunity perhaps they could have flourished.
How do you get Ho-oh and Lugia in Pokemon Ruby and Sapphire?
Catching Lugia and HohoIf you want Lugia you`ll have to go to the right when you get to split halls. But if you want Ho oh you`ll have to go to the left.Answerif you have a ticket you can use it to go to Navel Rock . Once you get the choice of two paths if you want to have the flamin' hot Hoho take the path to the left. If you want the splashin' cool Lugia go to the path on your right.
Are meds prescribed for sociopaths?
The fact that some scientists know as muchas they now do about the brain of a sociopath means that solving the problem is nolonger an impossible and obscure wish -- it's moving within the realmof concrete possibility.As soon as large numbers of sociopaths begin to be treated in a waythat actually helps them, that corrects as much as possible the chaosof misdirected signals in their confused and disorganized brains, andthen a form of therapy that in addition to that, by necessity, teachesthem to cope with the resulting maelstrom of emotion and impressionthat was formerly impossible, so that they can put it in order andstart to develop the heretofore dormant and silent segments of theirbrains and better use those formerly mixed-up areas where norecognizable order ruled, THEN THE OTHERS MAY BEGIN TO NOTICE WHAT ISGOING ON...and they will know at least this much: instead of "the kissof death," a diagnosis of ASPD (the DSM-IV way of saying sociopathy orpsychopathy) will lead someplace; that there will be things done thatactually make a difference.Crippled as they are neurologically, sociopaths are yet shrewd, andthey're always looking out for themselves in a way similar to that of aloner predator. Seeing others like them actually benefitting fromtreatment will have to start persuading them that there's something togain in going for help after all. Not being rejected or met with "Wecan't help you; you're evil incarnate," or the equivalent thinlydisguised in euphemistic psychology jargon; NOT being met with asituation where they'd have to substitute symptoms of an "acceptable"illness in place of those they bear in secret -- that would almostcertainly, if gradually, have an effect: if a sociopath can clearly seea benefit coming from admitting his or her real situation, there'snothing to stop him or her from doing just that.It's already started to happen, if in a tiny, barely perceptible trickle.Right now, all science has at the ready for them is to use varioustypes of preexisting medication given in attempts to counteract thechaotic way the brain of a sociopath functions. That and types of talktherapy carefully altered to avoid the pitfalls that have in the pastcaused regular therapies to make sociopaths worse instead of better.But the more that scientists such as Robert Hare and his colleaguesdelve into and experiment with the new types of brain scans andlearning what makes sociopaths tick like human bombs, the more likelythat it becomes with each passing year that a means will soon beisolated to defuse those bombs.The primary source of a sociopath's infamous rage is frustration,of a sort so alien and so extreme that almost no one else canunderstand what it means.As if all that isn't bad enough, a true psychopath has an extremelypeculiar brainwave pattern: while awake, their brain waves mostresemble a hybrid of normal waking brain waves and alpha-level sleepwaves.They seem incapable of producing true beta waves.And they often tend to sleep deeply, although there are also documented cases of severe insomnia in psychopaths.Emotionally, they are cold, detached, distant, and yet deeplyresentful of normal people.They know they're missing something, andoften spend most of their typically short, tragic lives avengingthemselves on others for what they cannot ever enjoy.So they are nottruly emotionless, but they do not love, do not ever know true joy, and arehostile and destructive.This ISN'T the work of the Devil; it's Nature gone horribly awry.Once they start getting taken seriously, thatfrustration, and the wild rage it provokes, will lessen, and since itis a primary source of the constant distrust that makes regular therapyfail sociopaths, the defusing of that rage and its maddening causeswill be a huge step in the right direction.Sociopaths don't always behave as though they're invulnerable. Somehave said, "You don't know this, but it hurts to be me." Peoplesneeringly say to this, "Another of your miserable lies!" But it is infact a miserable truth.Being angry at them is understandable, but why do people insist onjustifying their anger by dehumanizing the object of their rage?Sociopaths may seem like aliens, but they aren't.Perhaps what reallygalls the others is that when they look at sociopaths, in certain tinyways they see aspects of themselves, for everyone has some antisocialthoughts.Also, sociopaths hurt a lot of people. What seems to hurt most is the idea that the sociopath is breezing happily through life having ablast while a trail of wounded victims struggle to put their shatteredlives back together.No sociopath breezes through life. They just know how to make itlook like they do. It's part of the sick game they play because theycan't do much of anything else, as they are.If sociopathy is treated instead of ignored and shunned, this won't have to happen.Those who would have been hurt by sociopaths might not be able tofully appreciate that they escaped harm because neuroscience finallyfound a way to treat these people who would otherwise have hurt them,but the thing that makes the most difference is that, in the finalanalysis, they wouldn't have to know, nor fear.Just as science understands that epilepsy is not demonic possession,that people with dissociative conditions are not harboring ghosts ordevils in their bodies, and that depression is not a "deadly sin," itwould and will be able to prove that sociopathy happens for a reasonand that it can be dealt with. Sociopaths do very bad things. Butbranding them all "pure evil" isn't going to help anyone. It's justmore hate.I have commented elsewhere that the human brain is the greatest newfrontier in many ways. (Although I certainly have no lack of interestin space.)Sociopaths, along with other "hopeless cases" like peoplewith Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Asperger's, ADD, ADHD,autism, and the schizophrenias, along with more common disorders suchas depression and addiction, and so on, are a mystery, but scientistshave a way of hammering away at mysteries until they unravel them, andthey are well on their way to the core of this one.If one says that sociopaths aren't worth helping, one rather missesthe point, after all. The price the world pays for not being able tohelp these unhappy people is incalculable.But it also shows the hopelessness that sociopaths/psychopaths and their behavior make many people feel, itself a mirror-image of the emptiness and meaninglessness that hide always within the psychopath.To counter that hopelessness, please know these twoincontrovertible points: (1) no, the sociopath who hurt you isn'tgenuinely happy; (2) yes, the massive population of sociopaths the world overwill be able to be treated before long, and possibly the first threadsof that are already starting now.That will benefitEVERYONE.Beyond calculation.
Why do psychopaths kill people?
because since were all influencing each other subconsiously and evolve so interconnectedly and switch places in communicating to experience similar things so interconnedly- the better we influence others evangelize even at best, the better that benefit can come back to later effect us.IT HAS BEEN SAID:Robert Hare, PhD., an expert on psychopaths, made an intriguing discovery by observing the hand gestures (called beats)people make while speaking.Research has shown that such gestures domore than add visual emphasis to our words (many people gesture whilethey're on the telephone, for example); it seems they actually help ourbrains find words. That's why the frequency of beats increases whensomeone is having trouble finding words, or is speaking a secondlanguage instead of his or her mother tongue. In a 1991 paper, Hare andhis colleagues reported that psychopaths, especially when talking aboutthings they should find emotional, such as their families, produce ahigher frequency of beats than normal people. It's as if emotionallanguage is a second language -- a foreign language, in effect -- tothe psychopath.Threedecades of these studies, by Hare and others, has confirmed thatpsychopaths' brains work differently from ours, especially whenprocessing emotion and language. Hare once illustrated this for NicoleKidman, who had invited him to Hollywood to help her prepare for a roleas a psychopath in Malice. How, she wondered, could she show theaudience there was something fundamentally wrong with her character?"I said,'Here's a scene that you can use,' " Hare says. " 'You're walking downa street and there's an accident. A car has hit a child in thecrosswalk. A crowd of people gather round. You walk up, the child'slying on the ground and there's blood running all over the place. Youget a little blood on your shoes and you look down and say, "Oh shoot."You look over at the child, kind of interested, but you're not repelledor horrified. You're just interested. Then you look at the mother, andyou're really fascinated by the mother, who's emoting, crying out,doing all these different things. After a few minutes you turn away andgo back to your house. You go into the bathroom and practice mimickingthe facial expressions of the mother.' " He then pauses and says,"That's the psychopath: somebody who doesn't understand what's going onemotionally, but understands that something important has happened."Hare'sresearch upset a lot of people. Until the psychopath came into focus,it was possible to believe that bad people were just good people withbad parents or childhood trauma and that, with care, you could talkthem back into being good. Hare's research suggested that some peoplebehaved badly even when there had been no early trauma. Moreover, sincepsychopaths' brains were in fundamental ways different from ours,talking them into being like us might not be easy. Indeed, to this day,no one has found a way to do so."Some ofthe things he was saying about these individuals, it was unheard of,"says Dr. Steven Stein, a psychologist and CEO of Multi-Health Systemsin Toronto, the publisher of the Psychopathy Checklist. "Nobodybelieved him thirty years ago, but Bob hasn't wavered, and noweveryone's where he is. Everyone's come full circle, except a smallgroup who believe it's bad upbringing, family poverty, those kinds offactors, even though scientific evidence has shown that's not the case.There are wealthy psychopaths who've done horrendous things, and theywere brought up in wonderful families.""There'sstill a lot of opposition -- some criminologists, sociologists, andpsychologists don't like psychopathy at all," Hare says. "I can spendthe entire day going through the literature -- it's overwhelming, andunless you're semi-brain-dead you're stunned by it -- but a lot ofpeople come out of there and say, 'So what? Psychopathy is amythological construct.' They have political and social agendas:'People are inherently good,' they say. 'Just give them a hug, a puppydog, and a musical instrument and they're all going to be okay.' "If Haresounds a little bitter, it's because a decade ago, Correctional Serviceof Canada asked him to design a treatment program for psychopaths, butjust after he submitted the plan in 1992, there were personnel changesat the top of CSC. The new team had a different agenda, which Haresummarizes as, "We don't believe in the badness of people." His plansank without a trace.By thelate 1970s, after fifteen years in the business, Bob Hare knew what hewas looking for when it came to psychopaths. They exhibit a cluster ofdistinctive personality traits, the most significant of which is anutter lack of conscience. They also have huge egos, short tempers, andan appetite for excitement -- a dangerous mix. In a typical prisonpopulation, about 20 percent of the inmates satisfy the Hare definitionof a psychopath, but they are responsible for over half of all violentcrime.Theresearch community, Hare realized, lacked a standard definition. "Ifound that we were all talking a different language, we were ondifferent diagnostic pages, and I decided that we had to have somecommon instrument," he says. "The PCL-R was really designed to make iteasier to publish articles and to let journal editors and reviewersknow what I meant by psychopathy."ThePsychopathy Checklist consists of a set of forms and a manual thatdescribes in detail how to score a subject in twenty categories thatdefine psychopathy. Is he (or, more rarely, she) glib and superficiallycharming, callous and without empathy? Does he have a grandiose senseof self worth, shallow emotions, a lack of remorse or guilt? Is heimpulsive, irresponsible, promiscuous? Did he have behavioral problemsearly in life? The information for each category must be carefullydrawn from documents such as court transcripts, police reports,psychologists' reports, and victim-impact statements, and not solelyfrom an interview, since psychopaths are superb liars ("pathologicallying" and "conning/manipulative" are PCL-R categories). A prisoner mayclaim to love his family, for example, while his records show no visitsor phone calls.For eachitem, assessors -- psychologists or psychiatrists -- assign a score ofzero (the item doesn't apply), one (the item applies in some respects),or two (the item applies in most respects). The maximum possible scoreis forty, and the boundary for clinical psychopathy hovers aroundthirty. Last year, the average score for all incarcerated maleoffenders in North America was 23.3. Hare guesses his own score wouldbe about four or five.In 1980,Hare's initial checklist began circulating in the research community,and it quickly became the standard.At last count nearly 500 papers and150 doctoral dissertations had been based on it.AnswerThe fact that some scientists know as muchas they now do about the brain of a sociopath means that solving the problem is nolonger an impossible and obscure wish -- it's moving toward the realmof concrete possibility.As soon as large numbers of sociopaths begin to be treated in a waythat actually helps them, that corrects as much as possible the chaosof misdirected signals in their confused and disorganized brains, andthen a form of therapy that in addition to that, by necessity, teachesthem to cope with the resulting maelstrom of emotion and impressionthat was formerly impossible, so that they can put it in order andstart to develop the heretofore dormant and silent segments of theirbrains and better use those formerly mixed-up areas where norecognizable order ruled, THEN THE OTHERS MAY BEGIN TO NOTICE WHAT ISGOING ON...and they will know at least this much: instead of "the kissof death," a diagnosis of ASPD (the DSM-IV way of saying sociopathy orpsychopathy) will lead someplace; that there will be things done thatactually make a difference.Crippled as they are neurologically, sociopaths are yet shrewd, andthey're always looking out for themselves in a way similar to that of aloner predator. Seeing others like them actually benefitting fromtreatment will have to start persuading them that there's something togain in going for help after all. Not being rejected or met with "Wecan't help you; you're evil incarnate," or the equivalent thinlydisguised in euphemistic psychology jargon; NOT being met with asituation where they'd have to substitute symptoms of an "acceptable"illness in place of those they bear in secret -- that would almostcertainly, if gradually, have an effect: if a sociopath can clearly seea benefit coming from admitting his or her real situation, there'snothing to stop him or her from doing just that.It's already started to happen, if in a tiny, barely perceptible trickle.Right now, all science has at the ready for them is to use varioustypes of preexisting medication given in attempts to counteract thechaotic way the brain of a sociopath functions. That and types of talktherapy carefully altered to avoid the pitfalls that have in the pastcaused regular therapies to make sociopaths worse instead of better.But the more that scientists such as Robert Hare and his colleaguesdelve into and experiment with the new types of brain scans andlearning what makes sociopaths tick like human bombs, the more likelythat it becomes with each passing year that a means will soon beisolated to defuse those bombs.The primary source of a sociopath's infamous rage is frustration,of a sort so alien and so extreme that almost no one else canunderstand what it means.As if all that isn't bad enough, a true psychopath has an extremelypeculiar brainwave pattern: while awake, their brain waves mostresemble a hybrid of normal waking brain waves and alpha-level sleepwaves.They seem incapable of producing true beta waves.And they often tend to sleep deeply, although there are also documented cases of severe insomnia in psychopaths.Emotionally, they are cold, detached, distant, and yet deeplyresentful of normal people.They know they're missing something, andoften spend most of their typically short, tragic lives avengingthemselves on others for what they cannot ever enjoy.So they are nottruly emotionless, but they do not love, do not ever know true joy, and arehostile and destructive.This ISN'T the work of the Devil; it's Nature gone horribly awry.Once they start getting taken seriously, thatfrustration, and the wild rage it provokes, will lessen, and since itis a primary source of the constant distrust that makes regular therapyfail sociopaths, the defusing of that rage and its maddening causeswill be a huge step in the right direction.Sociopaths don't always behave as though they're invulnerable. Somehave said, "You don't know this, but it hurts to be me." Peoplesneeringly say to this, "Another of your miserable lies!" But it is infact a miserable truth.Being angry at them is understandable, but why do people insist onjustifying their anger by dehumanizing the object of their rage?Sociopaths may seem like aliens, but they aren't.Perhaps what reallygalls the others is that when they look at sociopaths, in certain tinyways they see aspects of themselves, for everyone has some antisocialthoughts.Also, sociopaths hurt a lot of people. What seems to hurt most is the idea that the sociopath is breezing happily through life having ablast while a trail of wounded victims struggle to put their shatteredlives back together.No sociopath breezes through life. They just know how to make itlook like they do. It's part of the sick game they play because theycan't do much of anything else, as they are.If sociopathy is treated instead of ignored and shunned, this won't have to happen.
What are symptoms of a sociopath?
There are 20 key traits which have been identified by pioneering psychologist Robert Hare. From what I know Glibness, Superficial Charm, Conning and Manipulative Behaviour, Sexual Promiscuity, Low Impulse Control, Emotional Poverty (aka flat affect) and, of course, No Conscience or Empathy are the key traits. They score a person either as a 0 (trait not present), 1 (trait present to a limited degree) or 2 (trait present to a great extent) for each of the 20 traits. A score of 30 out of 40 is the threshold for a diagnosis using the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R). So, if you want to watch out for them then watch out for someone who seems to be quite arrogant, who successfully charms people (particularly women) but who, under the surface, is unpleasant and who leads a parasitic and criminal lifestyle. You won't get it right 100% of the time but these things are a good indication.
Is there a first hand account of antisocial personality disorder?
Answer(s): Yes...The main reason sociopaths don't usually seek help is that they can'ttrust, rather than that they like being as they are. Plus, they canoften sense exactly what sort of a response any call for help on theirpart is most likely to elicit from professionals and lay folk alike.Sociopaths are not breezing along in paradise. It isn't all a game.It's a truly miserable existence. And it can be made better. It may notbe "curable" yet, but it most certainly isn't as hopeless as so manypeople say. There is therefore nothing to be gained and much to be lostwhen therapists and lay folk try to ostracize sociopaths from the humanrace entirely! Sensationalism and superstition will only preventprogress. This was written on another question on the same essential topic as this one, by a self-confessed sociopath who was officially diagnosed (other than me!) --Sociopaths, though born that way, are people too. To avoid anentire group of people is absurd. That's like saying, "Since thesepeople have dark skin, everyone should completely avert themselves fromthem." I am a moderate sociopath, and though part of me doesn't want tochange, another does. Many times it is really entertaining to see howstupid people can be, especially when they're so gullible as to believeevery word that mellifluously flows from my lips. Yes, I am parasitic,but even so, there are some people I would like to stop hurting. Ican't find any websites that can provide a way to help my sociopathy.Maybe people like you should stop your self-victimisation and starttrying to actually help people like me! I knew I was a sociopath beforethe age of ten but have only recently had it officially diagnosed. I ameighteen years old now, and I have been lying and destroying others'sanity for a long time. So, please post some helpful tidbits that mighthelp sociopaths resist the sweet urges we get when we encounter weakhuman beings. When you cut us, do we not bleed? When you kill us, do wenot die? Do you honestly think that you're being lied to andmanipulated when we sincerely ask for help. Listen to yourselves! Thisis the internet; ergo, you're safe from our fortified mental grasp.The essay that follows was written in another answer by anotherself-admitted sociopath, who actually might not be a sociopath. Stillanother person added the brief comment to that effect after her tragic essay.umm... i kindof am one... just so y'all know, it's not so muchfun being one either. i read that sentence up there, "Incapable of realhuman attachment to another." i don't even know what that is, i see it,i approximate it... it's like being outside a door looking through adirty window and watching re-runs of people I've seen in love or withchildren or with friends, and scratching, sometimes banging at theglass to get in and... nothing. I'm fond of people in every sense ofthe word, their little quirks and habits, the way they see life, exceptif they went away it wouldn't bother me much other than finding someoneelse to be fond of. i don't have friends, i only date military menbecause they're ok with only having a girlfriend for a couple monthsand i tell them in advance i won't wait for them... i don't know whatelse to do to limit the damage i inflict on others just as a result ofthem knowing me, short of moving to the mountains... but i still movebetween 2-5 times a year :( it's kindof hard walking around knowingi'll never have what i see making other people so happy and runningwhen i can tell someone is getting close just because i don't want tohurt them more later down the road... i'd like it alot to settle down,i WANT to be able to feel more with people, but it's hard to miss whatyou never had. i want what i THINK it would feel like... it'd be easyto give in and let someone stay because I'm so lonely... but hey, i'vewritten enough, just know i try to be a responsible little sociopath, iwon't ever get married or have kids, i practice safe sex, i won't stayin one city for long... everything you all take for granted i willnever let myself have just because i WANT to take it for granted. beinglike this won't go away so hopefully i can limit the amount of hatethrown my way by limiting my interaction with people, i don't know whatelse to do. and you all might not belive this, but i am sorry,hopefully i can speak for the other people who have damaged your lives.Comment: The above testimony is clearly not indicative of asociopath because they seem to make efforts to keep from harmingothers, even if it doesn't benefit themselves.What is it like? Think about it: you know something isn't right, but you can't tellother people, because you have not the slightest idea how to phrasewhat's wrong. Plus, for some odd reason, everyone keeps getting rubbedthe wrong way by you. You try to get ahead in life, but everybody keepstelling you about these strange rules you're supposed to obey, thatthey all seem to know by heart, but you don't. So you study them andtry to memorize them and use them by rote, but keep messing up becauseyou have no mechanism to tell you (from within) that you're stumblingover the line again, and inevitably, you do. Then everyone gets mad atyou and among other things tells you that you know perfectly well whatthe rules are, so why don't you obey them? You start tosecretly suspect they're adding new ones or changing the old rulesaround just to get you to screw up, but actually that isn't true --however, you have no real way of knowing that, either.As if all this isn't enough, you feel at the very leastuncomfortable, and at the worst like a human bomb, most of the timeyou're awake, which at times can be several days in a row. You noticethat the very things that make other people happy have a very oppositeeffect on you: your head fills with jarring "static," like a radioplaying with the tuner caught between two or more stations. Reactinginstinctively to this, you try to push people away because theircloseness causes the static to get worse, but then you discover a newproblem: you seem to need them anyway.You seem to need something from other people, but you don't knowwhy. That hug each other and smile, not a phony smile but a real one,and their eyes light up. They get close and they talk to each otherwithout having to closely study the other's eyes to try to figure outwhat to do in response. This seems to be a delicious pleasure to them,much better than anything you've ever experienced. But if you try it,and if you are actually lucky enough to persuade one of them to attemptsuch a relationship and interaction with you, it immediately starts toturn sour on you. Their touch does not warm you; you feel colder anddeader than ever. You don't know how to give back, so you end upgrasping for words you've heard used by other people and trying to fakeyour way through it so they won't figure out how you are; you'veexperienced enough to know by this time that when others figure outyour difference, they hate you for it; in fact, you've been told you're"not a real person" and that you "have no soul" (you're not too surewhat a soul is, anyway) and that people like you "ought to be lined upand shot"!After trying several times in this new relationship to get thepleasure other people are always basking in, and failing, you start toget angry at all of this -- and the anger builds into a terrible,towering rage that begins to make you feel like a human bomb. "I willactually, physically explode if I don't..." you're thinking, and yetunder the rage there is a weird, disconsolate feeling that even yourburgeoning hatred is as hollow and empty and starved as you are. Youconsider taking your life, and certainly you think about taking livesof some of these lucky, smugly superior others. You settle forembezzling money, or something of the sort; you're clever andmanipulative and you don't get caught. Triumph!Or not. The things you buy please you for five minutes; a day,tops. Then...flat, meaningless, like everything else in your life.Of course, you don't HAVE a life -- and you never will. That's starting to become increasingly clear.But WHY???? You see "The Others," as you're starting to think ofthem, studying diligently to help and even to cure other kinds of weirdthings wrong with people's minds, most of which seem to have to do withthe brain. But no one seems to know what's going on in you. It occursto you that to get some kind of attention from them, you might pretendyou have one of those other problems they study, and then once they'repaying attention to you, maybe somehow it'll lead somewhere. What haveyou got to lose?You're about to find out you can still lose more.You go into a clinical situation presenting withcarefully-memorized symptoms of the mental illness you have decidedwould get you the attention you want. But faking whatever it is turnsout very quickly to be a lot more complex than you'd thought. In fact,it turns out to be impossible. And, branded a malingerer, you arerejected yet again, told that all that's really wrong with you is thatyou don't want to try to better yourself.That, and you're "evil," and it's not paranoia on your part torealize that EVERYONE HATES YOU. Once they figure you out. Yes: to knowyou is to hate you.And you will go to your grave (as gloats Martha Stout of "TheSociopath Next Door" book fame) never knowing the wonders of real humaninteraction, meaning, and warmth.It might just make you decide to go off the rails and kill everyone you can before turning the weapon on yourself.Except for one thing: YOUR CONDITION MAY SOON BE TREATABLE!Just the very fact that some scientists know thatmuch about the brain of a sociopath means that solving the problem isno longer an impossible and obscure wish -- it's moving within therealm of concrete possibility.As soon as large numbers of sociopaths begin to be treated in a waythat actually helps them, that corrects as much as possible the chaosof misdirected signals in their confused and disorganized brains, andthen a form of therapy that in addition to that, by necessity, teachesthem to cope with the resulting maelstrom of emotion and impressionthat was formerly impossible, so that they can put it in order andstart to develop the heretofore dormant and silent segments of theirbrains and better use those formerly mixed-up areas where norecognizable order ruled, THEN THE OTHERS MAY BEGIN TO NOTICE WHAT ISGOING ON...and they will know at least this much: instead of "the kissof death," a diagnosis of ASPD (the DSM-IV way of saying sociopathy orpsychopathy) will lead someplace; that there will be things done thatactually make a difference.Crippled as they are neurologically, sociopaths are yet shrewd, andthey're always looking out for themselves in a way similar to that of aloner predator. Seeing others like them actually benefitting fromtreatment will have to start persuading them that there's something togain in going for help after all. Not being rejected or met with "Wecan't help you; you're evil incarnate," or the equivalent thinlydisguised in euphemistic psychology jargon; NOT being met with asituation where they'd have to substitute symptoms of an "acceptable"illness in place of those they bear in secret -- that would almostcertainly, if gradually, have an effect: if a sociopath can clearly seea benefit coming from admitting his or her real situation, there'snothing to stop him or her from doing just that.It's already started to happen, if in a tiny, barely perceptible trickle.Right now, all science has at the ready for them is to use varioustypes of preexisting medication given in attempts to counteract thechaotic way the brain of a sociopath functions. That and types of talktherapy carefully altered to avoid the pitfalls that have in the pastcaused regular therapies to make sociopaths worse instead of better.But the more that scientists such as Robert Hare and his colleaguesdelve into and experiment with the new types of brain scans andlearning what makes sociopaths tick like human bombs, the more likelythat it becomes with each passing year that a means will soon beisolated to defuse those bombs.The primary source of a sociopath's infamous rage is frustration,of a sort so alien and so extreme that almost no one else canunderstand what it means. Once they start getting taken seriously, thatfrustration, and the wild rage it provokes, will lessen, and since itis a primary source of the constant distrust that makes regular therapyfail sociopaths, the defusing of that rage and its maddening causeswill be a huge step in the right direction.
What were some of the turning points of the American Civil War?
The Major battles of the Civil War were as followes:The Battle of Fort Sumter (South Carolina) April 12th - 13th 1861 - Confederate Victory for the Provisional Army of the Confederacy under P.G.T. Beauregard. A major battle for its political effect on the conflict more than is military effect.The Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run (Virginia)July 21st 1861 - Confederate victory for the combined Armies of the Potomac and the Shenandoah under the command of Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard against the Federal Army of Northeastern Virginia under Irvin McDowell. The first battle of major forces in the Civil War.The Battle of Wilson's Creek/Oak Hill (Missouri)August 10th 1861 - Confederate victory for the Missouri State Guard and the Arkansas Militia under the command of Sterling Price and Benjamin McCulloch against the Federal Army of the West under Nathaniel Lyon. Called "the Bull Run of the West" and the first major battle out west and one of the few major battles of the Trans Mississippi.Battle of Pea Ridge/Elkhorn Tavern (Arkansas) March 7th - March 8th 1862 - Federal victory for the Army of the Southwest under Samuel R. Curtis against the Confederate Army of the West under Earl Van Dorn. Victory here gave the Federal's control of Northwest Arkansas and Missouri and left Arkansas almost defenseless.Battle of Shiloh (Tennessee) April 6th - April 7th 1862 - Federal Victory for the Army of the Tennessee under Ulysses S. Grant against the Confederate Army of Mississippi under Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard. This was the bloodiest Battle in American History as of April 1862.Battle of Fair Oaks/Seven Pines (Virginia) May 31st - June 1st 1862 - Inconclusive battle between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Joseph E. Johnston and the Federal Army of the Potomac under George B. McClellan. Due to complete missunderstanding of the plan by James Longstreet and the chaos that came from his missunderstanding a chance for a major Confederate Victory was lost and Joe Johnston was put out of action for the rest of the year and wouldn't command a major Army again until the winter of 1863.Battle of Malvern Hill (Virginia) - July 1st 1862 - Federal victory for the Army of the Potomac under George B. McClellan against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. The final battle in the "Seven Days Battles" and despite the Federal victory McClellan's presence was no longer a threat to Richmond and he and his Army were later withdrawn. D.H. Hill later remarked of this battle " It wasn't war; it was murder"Battle of Second Manassas/Bull Run (Virginia) August 28th - August 30th - Confederate victory for the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee against the Federal Army of Virginia under John Pope. Victory here destoryed John Pope's reputation and career and lead to the first Confederate invasion of the North under Lee.Battle of South Mountain (Maryland) September 14th 1862 - Federal Victory for the Army of the Potomac under George B. McClellan against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. The effect of this batlle on the campaign was inconclusive. It's main effect was to boost Northern Morale.Battle of Antietam (Maryland) September 17th 1862 - Federal Victory for the Army of the Potomac under George B. McClellan against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Tactically inconclusive but served to expell the Confederates from Maryland.Battle of Perryville (Kentucky) October 8th 1862 - Confederate Tactical victory but Federal Strategic victory. Fought between the Confederate Army of Mississippi under Braxton Bragg and the Federal Army of the Ohio under Don Carlos Buell. Bragg had the chance to crush the Army of the Ohio soon after the battle ended when Edmund Kirby Smith arrived at Harrodsburg but refused to do so and withdrew. Despite the tactical loss Perryville expelled the Confederate from Kentucky and was thus a Federal Strategic victory.Battle of Fredericksburg (Virginia) December 11th - December 15th 1862 - Confederate victory for the Army of Northern Virgina under Robert E. Lee against the Federal Army of the Potomac under Ambrose E. Burnside. Poorly planned and executed frontal assualt by the Federal command lead to a clear cut Confederate victory.Battle of Murfreesboro/Stones River (Tennessee) December 31st 1862 - January 2nd 1863 - tactically inconclusive battle fought between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Braxton Bragg and the Federal Army of the Cumberland under William S. Rosecrans. Made a Federal Strategical victory by Bragg's retreat. Controversy in the Confederacy over the decision of Jefferson Davis to move Carter Stevenson's 10,000 man corps to Mississippi on the eve of the battle.Battle of Chancellorsville (Virginia) April 30th - May 6th 1863 - Confederate victory for the Army of Norhern Virginia over the Federal Army of the Potomac under Joseph Hooker. The loss of Stonewall Jackson made this victory bitter sweet but this is nevertheless considered Lee's finest victory.Battle of Champion Hill/Bakers Creek (Mississippi) May 16th 1863 - Federal victory for the Army of the Tennessee under Ulysses S. Grant against the Confederate Army of Mississippi under John C. Pemberton. Victory here drove Pemberton back to Vicksburg and to entrenchment, ignoring the final chance to save his army.Battle of Gettysburg (Pennslyvania) July 1st - 3rd 1863 - Federal victory for the Army of the Potomac under George G. Meade against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Considered by many to be the turning point of the war this was the first major defeat suffered by Robert E. Lee.Seige of Vicksburg (Mississippi) May 22nd - July 4th 1863- Federal victory for the Army of the Tennessee under Ulysses S. Grant against the Confederate Army of Mississippi under John C. Pemberton. With the fall of Vicksburg the Mississippi was totally under Federal control.Battle of Chickamauga (Georgia) September 19th - 20th 1863 - Confederate Victory for the Army of Tennessee under Braxton Bragg against the Army of the Cumberland under William Rosecrans. This battle was possibly the biggest Confederate Victory in the West but poor management from Bragg prevented it from being decisive and infighting crippled the Army of Tennessee in the aftermath.Battle of Missionary Ridge (Tennessee) November 25th 1863- Federal Victory for the Military Division of the Mississippi under Ulysses S. Grant against the Army of Tennessee under Braxton Bragg. The Federals drove the Confederate from the field in a massive rout, only Patrick R. Cleburne's division held its ground in the north against William T. ShermanBattle of Mansfield (Louisana) April 8th 1864 - Confederate victory for the forces of the Department of the Trans-Mississippi under Richard Taylor against the Federal Army of the Gulf under Nathanial P. Banks. Victory forced Bank's army to retreat and give up on attempting to take Shreeveport.Battle of the Wilderness (Virginia) May 5th - 7th 1864 - Inconclusive battle between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee and the Federal Army of the Potomac under Ulysses S. Grant. Serious casualties suffered from both sides of which the serious wounding of James Longstreet would prove crucial.Battle of Dalton and Resaca (Georgia) May 7th - May 15th 1864 - Federal victory for the Military Division of the Mississippi under William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Joseph E. Johnston. Generally counted as two different battles but all part of one plan from both sides. Confederate forces deployed in a defensive line along Rocky Face Ridge but Cavalry General Joseph Wheeler's refusal to scout for the enemy left Snake Creek Gap undefended. The Federal Army of the Tennessee's appearance from Snake Creek Gap made the Confederate positions at Rocky Face Ridge untenable and forced them to withdraw to Resaca where they almost routed the Army of the Tennessee before night fell and the Federals regrouped to push the Confederate back. Federal forces getting around the Confederate Armies flank and crossing the Oostanaula River forced the Confederate to retreat.Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (Virginia) May 8th - 21st 1864 - Inconclusive battle between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee and the Federal Army of the Potomac under Ulysses S. Grant. Lee delayed the Federal's advance and inflicted heavy casualties but still suffered heavy casualties himself. Grant's Overland Campaign continued.Battle of North Anna (Virginia) May 23rd - 26th 1864 - Inconclusive battle between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee and the Federal Army of the Potomac under Uysses S. Grant. Lee outmaneuvered Grant and had an excellednt chance to severly damage the Federal forces but poor health from Lee's part and the absense of James Longstreet and Ewell's exhaustion left the Confederate high command crippled.Battle of Cold Harbour (Virginia) May 31st - June 12th 1864 - Confederate victory for the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee against the Federal Army of the Potomac under Ulysses S. Grant. As a result of this battle Ulysses S. Grant gained the reputation of a fumbling butcher for his disasterous frontal assualts.Battle of Brice's Crossroads (Mississippi) June 10th 1864- Confederate victory for Forrest's Cavalry under Nathan Bedford Forrest against the Federal Forces under Samuel D. Sturgis. In one of the most impressive victories of the war Forrest defeated a force of about 8,500 men with only 3,200 and destroyed that task force sent against him. Despite the impressive win Sturgis had accomplished the task he had been sent to do, to stop Forrest entering Georgia and attacking Sherman's lines of supply and communication.Second Battle of Petersburg (Virginia) June 15th - 18th 1864 - Confederate victory for the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee and the forces of the Department of North Carolina under P.G.T. Beauregard against the Federal Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James under Ulysses S. Grant. Beauregard defended Petersburg against increasing Federal forces and held out long enough for Lee to arrive slightly before Grant.Battle of Kennesaw Mountain (Georgia) June 27th 1864 - Confederate victory for the Army of Tennessee against the Federal Military Division of the Mississippi under William T. Sherman. A purely defensive victory for the Confederate that delays Sherman's advance but did not stop it.Battle of Peachtree Creek (Georgia) July 20th 1864 - Federal victory for the Army of the Cumberland under George Henry Thomas against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood. Joseph E. Johsnton ahd been removed prior to this battle and Hood inherited his plan but put it into action far too late then deployed regardless and was repulsed with heavy casualties.Battle of Atlanta (Georgia) July 22nd 1864 - Federal victory for the Military Divison of the Mississippi under William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood. Delay in William J. Hardee's Corps being deployed added to James B. MacPherson anticipating the flanking move lead to heavy casualties for the Confederates.Second Battle of Kernstown (Virginia) July 24th 1864 - Confederate Victory for the Army of the Valley under Jubal A. Early against the Federal Department of the Army of Western Virginia under George Crook. Early smashed Crook's Army and succored the Valley.Battle of Ezra Chruch (Georgia) July 28th 1864 - Federal victory for the Army of the Tennessee under William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood. The Confederate managed to stop the Federals from encircling Atlanta, despite this the heavy casualties suffered and the loss of the field means this was a Federal victory.Battle of Jonesborough (Georgia) Augusu 31st - September 1st 1864 - Federal victory for the Military Division of the Mississippi under William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood. Hood sent Willia J. Hardee to try and prevent the encircling of Atlanta but Hardee was easilly repulsed and Hood was forced to give up Atlanta.Battle of Opequon/Third Battle of Winchester (Virginia) September 19th 1864 - a hard fought Federal Victory for the Army of the Shenandoah under Philip Sheridan against the Confederate Army of the Valley under Jubal A. Early. Early held his ground for a few hours but was eventually driven back. This battle turned the tide in the Valley.Battle of Cedar Creek (Virginia) October 19th 1864 - Federal victory for the Army of the Shenandoah under Philip Sheridan against the Confederate Army of the Valley under Jubal A. Early. Early attacked while the Federals were in camp and routed them but Sheridan arrived on the field, rallied his forces and struck at the exhausted, starving and now disorganized Confederates, destroying the Army of the Vallet. Generally it is agreed that Early lost this battle when he ignore John B. Gordon's advice to continue the attack after the initial success.Second Battle of Franklin (Tennessee) November 30th 1864- Federal victory for the Army of the Ohio under John M. Schofield against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood . Hood claimed victory but Schofield withdrew from the battle on his own terms. This battle destroyed the officer class of the Army of Tennessee and destroyed the fighting spirit of the Army of Tennessee. It is this battle that Hood has never been forgiven for.Battle of Nasville (Tennessee) December 15th - 16th 1864- One of the most complete victory ever scored by any Federal Army. The Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the Ohio, both under George Henry Thomas, destoryed the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood so thoroughly that it would never take the field again. Remnant of the Army of Tennessee would fight later but its death date was December 15th - 16th 1864.Battle of Bentonville (North Carolina) March 19th - 21st 1865 - Federal victory for the Army of the Tennessee under William T. Sherman against te combined of the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and forces from South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida under the command of Joseph E. Johnston. Johnston fell upon Henry W. Slocum's wing of the Army of the Tennessee and almost routed it before the superior number of the Federal Army stopped the route and turned the battle. Johnston remained on the field for two more days in stubborn defense. This battle proved to Sherman that the war was not yet over.
