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Initially the kings were hereditary. When they were replaced by aristocrats, they formed ruling councils from amongst themselves. When these became too oppressive, tyrants seized power by popular consent to rule or all levels of the city-state. When they became too oppressive, they were replaced by democratic government of the people. When democracy failed, kings, aristocrats (oligarchs) and tyrants returned, according to the needs and preferences of each of the various 2,000 city-states which comprised the Greek world. city

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