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People walked (pedestrians could cover 20 to 25 km, 12 to 15 miles, a day) or travelled on ox-drawn or horse-drawn carts (which could cover up to 40 to 50 km, 25 to 30 miles, a day) or coaches which could carry coach parties. The most common one was the raeda which was made of wood and was like a high box with a rounded roof. It could carry people and luggage up to a legal limit of 1,000 Romans pounds.. There were also the readae meritoriae, which were hired coaches and the raediae fiscalis, which were government coaches.

The rich rode horses or used cars (carrus) which could carry a driver and one or two people. A two-horse carrus was called biga, a three-horse one triga and a four-horse one quadringa. They resembled the chariots of the archaic period of Rome. The carpentum was a more comfortable mule-drawn carrus which was for women and government officials. It was roofed with a piece of material held by an arched frame. The cisium was a smaller version which acted as a cab.

The Romans had a government-supervised cursus publicus or cursus vehicularis, which was a courier and transportation service. It transported, public officials, and tax revenues and was used to send messages. In the Later Empire it had two branches, the fast one (cursus velox ) which used horses and/or mules (the veredi, saddle horses, and the parhippi, "pack-horses or mules) and a slower one (cursus clabularis) which used oxen-driven carts. Government information and/or instructions and military messengers were carried by soldiers who acted as dispatch riders. Private individuals hired their own messengers. The messengers changed horses frequently for greater speed. It has been estimated that they covered about 80 km (50 miles) per day.

The cursus publicus was an infrastructure of thousands of stations (stationes) along the main roads of the empire which supplied horses, transport animals (mules and donkeys) oxen for pulling carts, carts, fodder and food and accommodation. It has been estimated that staging stations were on average 12.4 km (7.7 mi) apart along the roads. To use the services of the cursus publicus you needed a licence (diploma) issued by the emperor. The staging stations were the mutationes which were privately-run stations which serviced vehicles and animals and had wheelwrights, cartwrights, and veterinarians. There were mansiones (staying places, singular mansio) every 20 to 30 km (15 to 18 miles. These were government-run, provided overnight accommodation for state messengers and officials were under the superintendence of an officer called mansionarius. The resting places for rich travellers and private couriers were the tabernae (singular taberna) which were originally houses near the roads which were required by law to provide accommodation on demand and developed into more luxurious rest place which catered for richer travellers.

Ordinary people went to the smaller cauponae (private inns) near the masiones. They were seen as being disreputable and as being were frequented by thieves and prostitutes.

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How did the army's road unite the people of the roman empire?

The Roman roads allowed the Legions to march where they were needed, anywhere in the Empire, and goods and products to move from place to place, allowing a free flow of commerce; they also allowed for taxes to flow into Rome itself. There was an ancient phrase, "All roads lead to Rome," because all roads radiated out from there.


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Why was the roman empire diversed?

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What affects did the building of roads have on the roman empire?

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What affects did the building of roads have on the empire?

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