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The Northern colonies, characterized by a more diverse economy, focused on manufacturing, trade, and small-scale farming, with a strong emphasis on education and community, leading to the establishment of institutions like Harvard. In contrast, the Southern colonies relied heavily on agriculture, particularly cash crops like tobacco and cotton, supported by a plantation system and enslaved labor. Social structures in the South were more hierarchical and agrarian, while the North promoted more egalitarian values and town meetings. Additionally, the climate and geography significantly influenced these differing economic and social systems.

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