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The International Phonetic Alphabet is not organized "from A to Z". It looks like this:

PULMONIC CONSONANTSBilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolar PostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal Plosivep

b

t

d

ʈ

É–

c

ÉŸ

k

g

q

É¢

Ê”

Nasalm

ɱ

n

ɳ

ɲ

Å‹

É´

TrillÊ™

r

Ê€

Tap or Flapɾ

ɽ

Fricativeɸ

β

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

Ê’

Ê‚

ʐ

ç

ʝ

x

É£

χ

ʁ

ħ

Ê•

h

ɦ

Lateral fricative

ɬ

É®

Approximantʋ

ɹ

É»

j

ɰ

Lateral approximantl

É­

ÊŽ

ÊŸ

When symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)

Clicks

Voiced implosives

Ejectives

ʘBilabial

Ç€Dental

ǃ(Post)alveolar

ǂPalatoalveolar

ǁAveolar lateral

ɓBilabial

É—Dental/alveolar

ʄPalatal

É Velar

ʛUvular

'Examples:

p'

Bilabial

t'

Dental/alveolar

k'

Velar

s'

Alveolar fricative

VowelsFrontCentralBackClosei∙

yɨ∙

ʉɯ∙

uɪʏʊClose-mide∙øɘ∙

ɵɤ∙

oəOpen-midɛ∙

œɜ∙

ɞʌ∙

ɔæɐOpena∙

ɶɑ∙

É’

OTHER SYMBOLSʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricativeɕʑ Alveolo-palatal fricativesw Voiced labial-velar approximantɺ Voiced alveolar lateral flapɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximantɧSimultaneous ʃ and xʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative

Affricates and double articulations

can be represented by two symbols

joined by a tie bar if necessary.kp͡ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricativeʡ Epiglottal plosive

DIACRITICS Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊ ̥

Voicelessn̥d̥

̤

Breathy voicedb̤a̤

̪

Dental t ̪d̪

̬

Voiceds̬ t ̬

̰

Creaky voicedb̰a̰

̺

Apical t ̺d̺

ʰ

Aspiratedtʰdʰ

̼

Linguolabial t ̼d̼

Ì»

Laminal t ̻d̻

̹

More Roundedɔ̹

Ê·

LabializedtÊ·dÊ·

̃

Nasalizedẽ

̜

Less Roundedɔ̜

ʲ

Palatalizedtʲdʲ

ⁿ

Nasal releasedⁿ

ÌŸ

AdvanceduÌŸ

Ë 

VelarizedtË dË 

Ë¡

Lateral releasedˡ

̱

Retractede̱

ˤ

Pharyngealizedtˤdˤ

Ìš

No audible released Ìš

̈

Centralizedë

Ì´

Velarized or pharyngealizedɫ

̽

Mid-centralizede̽

̝

Raisede̝ (ɹ ̝= voiced alveolar fricative) ̣

Syllabicṇ

Ìž

Lowerede̞ (β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant) ̯

Non-syllabice̯

̘

Advanced Tongue Roote̘

Ëž

RhoticityÉš aËž

Ì™

Retracted Tongue RooteÌ™

SUPRASEGMENTALSˈ

Primary stressˌ

Secondary stressstress eg. ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən

ːLongeːˑHalf-longeˑ ̆Extra-shortĕ|

Minor (foot) group‖

Major (intonation) group.

Syllabic breakbreak eg. ɹi.ækt

‿

Linking (absence of a break)

TONES AND WORD ACCENTSLevel

Contour

e̋ or ˥Extra highNOT YETé or ˦HighSUPPORTEDē or ˧MidBYè or ˨LowUNICODEȅ or ˩Extra low↓Downstep↗Global rise↑Upstep↘Global fall

Some useful precomposed characters that do not fit into the official IPA.

ʗʣʤʥɝʚɩʞłÊ ÃŠÅ¡Ã‰Â¼Ã‰Â¿ÃŠâ€¦ÃŠâ€ Ã…¡Ê‡Ê¨Ê§Ê¦Î»Æ›Å¾Ê–ƾMiscellaneous modifiers.ტʱტʲტˡტʳტʴტʵტʶტˢტʸტˣტˀტˁტˤ

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