Yes, the Yagi-Uda antenna has several parasitic elements, in the form of a reflector ("behind" the driven element) and the directional elements ("in front" of the driven element).
A Yagi-Uda directional antenna consists of a driven element (a dipole), and one or more parasitic elements -- a reflector (5% larger than the driven element) and directional elements (5% shorter than the driven element). This difference helps increases the gain and directionality of the antenna in the desired direction.
bandwidth is less..
Go-Uda was the emperor of Japan during the Mongol Invasions. The country was under control of the Kamakura Bakufu. The Shogun at the time of the invasions was Prince Koreyasu. The real power of the period belonged to the Hojo Shikken, or regent. The regent at the time of the Mongol invasions was Hojo Tokimune.
It's not religion, as the media says, but politics. Most Protestants consider themselves British or Loyalist (loyal to the crown), most Catholics Nationalist (want Ireland to be one nation) Many Catholics believe that Protestants opressed them and groups such as the IRA fought against the protestant government in England as they want to be ruled by Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Protestant groups such as the UDA and UVF fought to defend the union as they are loyal to the crown. In the 1990s a peace process started and things are much improved now, with both sides working together.
Ostensibly, the IRA targetted the police (RUC), the British military, loyalist parilitaries and British or loyalist politicians. However, as on Bloody Friday, the bombings could be indiscriminate, deliberately targetting civilians or not caring if civilians are caught in the blasts. Even if they were specifically aiming for legitimate war-time targets, the nature of bombing as a tactic meant that civilians were almost guaranteed to be killed and, not that it matters to the victims, those harmed could be from either community. They would also target unionist/Protestant owned businesses that they believed to be linked to loyalist paramilitarism, as in the 1993 bombing of Frizelli's Fish Shop, above which a meeting of loyalist paramilitary leaders was due to take place. The bomb went off prematurely killing one of the bombers, a UDA man and eight civilians. Other cases like this were the killing of the pregnant wife of a British officer when she started his car.
how to measure the length of elements and spacing of elements
Yes - reflector element and directional elements.
A Yagi-Uda directional antenna consists of a driven element (a dipole), and one or more parasitic elements -- a reflector (5% larger than the driven element) and directional elements (5% shorter than the driven element). This difference helps increases the gain and directionality of the antenna in the desired direction.
The Yagi array allows a significant increase in antenna gain (expressed in dBi or Db over isotropic) by the simple addition of parasitic elements to a dipole or folded dipole.
yagi uda
Some advantages of the Yagi- Uda Antenna include that this is a widely used design and low cost. The construction also is simple. Some disadvantages are that the receiver of the Yagi-Uda Antenna may have problem receiving signal.
bandwidth is less..
A Yagi-Uda antenna typically has an odd number of elements to ensure proper impedance matching and to enhance its directional characteristics. The driven element, which is usually a dipole, is flanked by one or more parasitic elements—reflectors and directors—that work together to focus the antenna's radiation pattern. Having an odd number of elements allows for a balanced configuration, optimizing gain and minimizing side lobes while maintaining a stable feedpoint impedance. This design also helps in achieving better front-to-back ratios and overall efficiency.
no..it has less bandwidth
yagi udda antenna has only one reflector...but it has many directors...depending upon gain and efficiency...the length of reflector is normally...more than one-half of wavelength... and directors have a length less than one-half of wavelength...
directors and receivers are the main part of a yagi uda anteena there can be many directors and receivers as more receivers will surely increase our gain but we use only one receiver because the gain will not increase much but the cost will surel increase
They are in use all over the world but they are used less for TV in areas wired for cable TV.