Yes, the Yagi-Uda antenna has several parasitic elements, in the form of a reflector ("behind" the driven element) and the directional elements ("in front" of the driven element).
A Yagi-Uda directional antenna consists of a driven element (a dipole), and one or more parasitic elements -- a reflector (5% larger than the driven element) and directional elements (5% shorter than the driven element). This difference helps increases the gain and directionality of the antenna in the desired direction.
bandwidth is less..
Go-Uda was the emperor of Japan during the Mongol Invasions. The country was under control of the Kamakura Bakufu. The Shogun at the time of the invasions was Prince Koreyasu. The real power of the period belonged to the Hojo Shikken, or regent. The regent at the time of the Mongol invasions was Hojo Tokimune.
It's not religion, as the media says, but politics. Most Protestants consider themselves British or Loyalist (loyal to the crown), most Catholics Nationalist (want Ireland to be one nation) Many Catholics believe that Protestants opressed them and groups such as the IRA fought against the protestant government in England as they want to be ruled by Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Protestant groups such as the UDA and UVF fought to defend the union as they are loyal to the crown. In the 1990s a peace process started and things are much improved now, with both sides working together.
Ostensibly, the IRA targetted the police (RUC), the British military, loyalist parilitaries and British or loyalist politicians. However, as on Bloody Friday, the bombings could be indiscriminate, deliberately targetting civilians or not caring if civilians are caught in the blasts. Even if they were specifically aiming for legitimate war-time targets, the nature of bombing as a tactic meant that civilians were almost guaranteed to be killed and, not that it matters to the victims, those harmed could be from either community. They would also target unionist/Protestant owned businesses that they believed to be linked to loyalist paramilitarism, as in the 1993 bombing of Frizelli's Fish Shop, above which a meeting of loyalist paramilitary leaders was due to take place. The bomb went off prematurely killing one of the bombers, a UDA man and eight civilians. Other cases like this were the killing of the pregnant wife of a British officer when she started his car.
how to measure the length of elements and spacing of elements
Yes - reflector element and directional elements.
A Yagi-Uda directional antenna consists of a driven element (a dipole), and one or more parasitic elements -- a reflector (5% larger than the driven element) and directional elements (5% shorter than the driven element). This difference helps increases the gain and directionality of the antenna in the desired direction.
The Yagi array allows a significant increase in antenna gain (expressed in dBi or Db over isotropic) by the simple addition of parasitic elements to a dipole or folded dipole.
yagi uda
Some advantages of the Yagi- Uda Antenna include that this is a widely used design and low cost. The construction also is simple. Some disadvantages are that the receiver of the Yagi-Uda Antenna may have problem receiving signal.
bandwidth is less..
no..it has less bandwidth
yagi udda antenna has only one reflector...but it has many directors...depending upon gain and efficiency...the length of reflector is normally...more than one-half of wavelength... and directors have a length less than one-half of wavelength...
directors and receivers are the main part of a yagi uda anteena there can be many directors and receivers as more receivers will surely increase our gain but we use only one receiver because the gain will not increase much but the cost will surel increase
They are in use all over the world but they are used less for TV in areas wired for cable TV.
Wow, your question on how a yagi-uda differs from a folded dipole, a loop antenna, and a helical antenna relates very much to how does a lawn mower engine relate to a V-8. The principals in all the antennas remains much the same. So I will deal with them in the order asked. The Yagi in its simplest form consists of 3 elements. The center element is the driven element and is essentially a dipole. Behind it is a slightly larger element called a reflector which does just that, it reflects signals to and from the dipole and in front there is the smaller director which helps focus energy. This is a directional antenna with gain. The folded dipole goes back to the basic dipole except it has makes a full loop. They are just as about as long as regular dipoles. With the loop of wire out there, they tend to have a wider band width than regular dipoles - but are not as tolerant of being used at even multiples of their cut frequency as the wires tend to cancel out each other. Oh, btw, yagi's have been made using folded dipoles. You must use ladder line or a 4:1 balun on folded dipoles, with perhaps the exception of the terminated folded dipole which has a resistor where the two elements of the dipole come together. The loop antenna? Which loop? I assume you are talking the traditional loop and not the magnetic loop. The full loop is normally computed to be 1005/frequency=feet. While you could take the time to tune the antenna, it might just be easier to put in a balun and an antenna tuner. The main advantage of a loop over the previous reviewed antennas is that it does fairly well even though fairly close to the ground where the previous 2 antennas should be at least 1/2 a wave length up for good performance. Helical antennas are generally good for just one band. In fact, due to the loading they cause they are best if used on a single frequency as their feed line requires them to be provided the connecting feed the is the electrical equivalent of a 1/2 wave at that frequency of operation. This may work well at VHF and above as an entire band can be tuned satisfactory, but in HF it would limit you to a very small segment of the band. Helical antennas definitely are the lawn mower engines of the antenna world. Look up antenna elmer on your favorite search engine. You have entered into a world where there is still a lot homework left to be done.