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The Auschwitz group of camps (which inluded Birkenau) was the largest, and the main camps (Auschwitz I, II and III) were located near the Polish town of Oswiecim. The minimum serious modern scholarly estimate of the number of prisoners killed is about 1.1 million, of whom about 90% were Jews. (These figures were worked out by the Director of the Auschwitz Museum, Franczisek Piper and published in an article in 1989). The next camp in terms of the death-toll was Treblinka II, where an estimated 870,000 victims were slaughtered.

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