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Even before World War II began, a civil war within China had broken out between the Chinese communists, led by Mao Zedong, and Chinese non-communists, led by Chiang Kai-shek. During World War II these two groups stopped their civil war and joined together in an effort to drive out the Japanese. But when World War II was over, the war between the communists and non-communists began again. The U.S. hoped that the non-communists would win and sent them large amounts of military equipment. Nevertheless, the communists defeated non-communists and forced them to retreat to Taiwan, an island off the coast of China.

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