Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
The Nueces River became the border between Mexico and Texas.
The Southwest, including California, was taken "by force of arms" from Mexico, during the Mexican War.
Land was annexed to the US as part of the treaty ending the Mexican War. The US was in a position to gain a favorable settlement to the question of whether the people in Texas and California had the right to join the US.
No such proviso exists for the simple reason that Spain had nothing to do with the American Southwest after Mexico gained its Independence. The Treaty of Paris (1898) dealt with the Spanish American War. The Mexican Cession was a part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which laid out the conditions ending the Mexican American War(1848). Fifty long and eventful years are between these two Treaties.