Ullman v. United States, 350 U.S. 422 (1956), argued 6 Dec. 1955, decided 26 Mar. 1956 by vote of 7 to 2; Frankfurter for the Court, Douglas and black in dissent. A federal district court issued an order under the Immunity Act requiring Ullman to testify before a grand jury that was investigating attempts to endanger the national security. Under the act, a witness could not refuse to testify on the ground that the testimony may have tended to incriminate him. The Immunity Act, however, gave the witness transactional immunity, which prevented state or federal prosecutions for any transactions or matters concerning the compelled testimony. Despite the immunity, Ullman refused to testify and was sentenced to six months imprisonment for contempt.
On appeal to the Supreme Court, Ullman argued that the Immunity Act violated the Fifth Amendment privilege against self‐incrimination. He argued that the act did not give him complete immunity because his testimony might lead to practical disabilities, such as loss of job, expulsion from a labor union, and public opprobrium.
The Supreme Court rejected this argument, holding that the act did not violate the Fifth Amendment. It observed that the privilege against self‐incrimination protected a witness not from the disabilities described by Ullman but only from giving testimony that might lead to a criminal prosecution. By granting transactional immunity, the act removed exposure to a criminal charge. As a result, the reason for the privilege no longer existed and petitioner could not refuse to answer questions.
cite: KERMIT L. HALL. "Ullman v. United States." The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Dec. 2009
The US Supreme Court declared segregation on city buses unconstitutional on November 13, 1956.The case Browder v. Gayle, (1956) challenged the state of Alabama and city of Montgomery's segregation policy on intrastate bus travel that resulted in the 1955-56 Montgomery bus boycott. Although Rosa Parks was not a party to the case, her December 1, 1955, arrest for refusing to allow a white man to take her seat was the catalyst for both the boycott and the Browder case.The US Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the US District Court for the Middle District of Alabama in the case of Browder v. Gayle, on November 13, 1956, and declared segregation on buses unconstitutional. On December 20, 1956, the city of Montgomery received a court order mandating integration and the boycott ended the following day.Case Citation:Browder v. Gayle, 352 US 903 (1956)
North Korea
US military advisors were training the ARVNs in April 1956 in Vietnam. There was no "US invasion."
All the US presidents that served before 1956 or after April 1975.
The US did nothing
The US Supreme Court declared segregation on city buses unconstitutional on November 13, 1956.The case Browder v. Gayle, (1956) challenged the state of Alabama and city of Montgomery's segregation policy on intrastate bus travel that resulted in the 1955-56 Montgomery bus boycott. Although Rosa Parks was not a party to the case, her December 1, 1955, arrest for refusing to allow a white man to take her seat was the catalyst for both the boycott and the Browder case.The US Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the US District Court for the Middle District of Alabama in the case of Browder v. Gayle, on November 13, 1956, and declared segregation on buses unconstitutional. On December 20, 1956, the city of Montgomery received a court order mandating integration and the boycott ended the following day.Case Citation:Browder v. Gayle, 352 US 903 (1956)
cuba
US won it case
1956
Tommy dorsey
North Korea
in 1956
in 1956
Gerald Ford was the US president during all of 1976.
From a perpetual US calendar: December 31, 1956 was on Monday.
The US didn't print any bills dated 1956. Please check again and post a new, separate question.
Please check again and post a new question. The US didn't print any bills dated 1956.