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No, they were first brought by the Conquistadors and later by other Europian colonists.

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Answer: There were horses throughout the Americas up to the end of the Pleistocene Period. They became extinct at about the same time as woolly mammoths, American camels, dire wolves, sabre-toothed cats, stag-moose and woolly rhinoceros. So yes, there were horses in South America long before the conquistadors - but they were tiny prehistoric horses, about the size of a large dog, and they became extinct long before the Spaniards arrived.

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