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Nobody originally lived on the Great Plains, since they were too vast and featureless to permit natives on foot to live there for long periods. There were no reliable food sources except the huge herds of buffalo, deer, antelope and elk, which constantly moved and migrated seasonally - natives on foot would quickly starve since they could not keep up with these herds.

Only when Europeans introduced horses and these gradually became available to some tribes did they begin to live permanently on the Plains - so it was effectively Europeans who created the Plains culture. Just over a hundred years later it was white Americans who ended the Plains culture by decimating the native wildlife and imposing the reservation system.

The true Plains tribes, from North to South, were:

  • Atsina or Gros Ventres of the Plains
  • Sarsi
  • Assiniboin or Hohe
  • Plains Ojibwe
  • Plains Cree
  • Piegan or Pikuni
  • Blood or Kainah
  • Blackfoot
  • Crow
  • Teton Lakota (Brule, Oglala, Minneconjou, Two Kettles, Hunkpapa, No Bows, Blackfoot Sioux)
  • Northern Cheyenne
  • Suhtaio
  • Arapaho
  • Southern Cheyenne
  • Kiowa
  • Kiowa Apache
  • Comanche
  • Jicarilla (Plains Apache)

Other tribes lived on the edges of the Plains and only hunted buffalo occasionally. These are not classed as true Plains tribes; they include the Pawnee, Omaha, Shoshone, Nez Perce, Flatheads, Mandan, Hidatsa, Aikara, Ponca, Oto, Missouri, Caddo, Ute, Nakota Sioux, Iowa and Dakota Sioux.

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13y ago

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