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There was no one specific event that caused Truman to decide to use the atomic bomb where, where without that event he would not have done so.

The US and Japan were at war and were treating each other in what we would now call a barbarous fashion. The invasion of Iwo

Jima

had been much more difficult than expected and had resulted in extremely high US casualties. Military planners thought a conventional invasion of the Japanese Home Islands would result in over a million US casualties and lead to a protracted guerrilla war, with Japanese civilians fighting to the death, etc. That is the sort of calculation that lead to Truman agreeing to use the atomic bomb.

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