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During the Civil War, the Minie ball was the military advance that contributed the most to the war's death toll. The Mino ball was a spin-stabilized rifle bullet that had a greater muzzle velocity and weight than a smoothbore bullet. Minie balls cut straight through the human body and shattered bones. Their spin meant that they were more accurate over larger distances. The Minie ball increased the deadliness of infantry soldiers, a fact that Civil War generals were slow to realize. They continued to use massed troop formations in combat even though the rifle and the Minie ball made them unnecessary, leading to heavy casualties in their battles.

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