Colonialism is a historical process in which a country establishes control over a foreign territory, often through military conquest, settlement, and economic exploitation. This practice typically involves the domination of the indigenous population, leading to significant cultural, social, and political changes. The consequences of colonialism include the disruption of local economies, the imposition of foreign governance structures, and the long-lasting effects of cultural assimilation and resistance. Ultimately, colonialism has shaped global relations and continues to affect post-colonial societies today.